{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:16:58Z","timestamp":1787818618294,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Transl. Stroke Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-026-01468-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T03:24:17Z","timestamp":1783049057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sedation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Pathophysiological Basis and Evidence for Commonly Used Agents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Costanza","family":"Gandolfo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6895-6442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Battaglini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Robba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus J.","family":"Schultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia R. M.","family":"Rocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"S1","key":"1468_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-020-00305-3","volume":"8","author":"C Robba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robba C, Battaglini D, Samary CS, et al. Ischaemic stroke-induced distal organ damage: pathophysiology and new therapeutic strategies. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2020;8(S1):23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-020-00305-3.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"1468_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901209","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.901209","volume":"13","author":"J Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang J, Zhang J, Ye Y, et al. Peripheral organ injury after stroke. Front Immunol. 2022;13:901209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.901209.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1468_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2019.02978","volume":"22","author":"MHH Balch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Balch MHH, Nimjee SM, Rink C, Hannawi Y. Beyond the brain: the systemic pathophysiological response to acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke. 2020;22(2):159\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5853\/jos.2019.02978.","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"1468_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2020.05.020","volume":"39","author":"A Valent","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valent A, Ma\u00efer B, Chabanne R, et al. Anaesthesia and haemodynamic management of acute ischaemic stroke patients before, during and after endovascular therapy. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2020;39(6):859\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.accpm.2020.05.020.","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1468_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23712","volume":"25","author":"S Tripathy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tripathy S. Consensus statement on analgo-sedation in neurocritical care and review of literature. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2021;25(2):126\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-23712.","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1468_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1294-5","volume":"20","author":"M Oddo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oddo M, Crippa IA, Mehta S, et al. Optimizing sedation in patients with acute brain injury. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-016-1294-5.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1468_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140275","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1140275","volume":"17","author":"T Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang T, Deng D, Huang S, et al. A retrospect and outlook on the neuroprotective effects of anesthetics in the era of endovascular therapy. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1140275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1140275.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1468_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-022-00481-4","volume":"10","author":"D Battaglini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Battaglini D, Da Silva AL, Felix NS, et al. Mild hypothermia combined with dexmedetomidine reduced brain, lung, and kidney damage in experimental acute focal ischemic stroke. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2022;10(1):53. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-022-00481-4.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"issue":"8","key":"1468_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2007.00610.x","volume":"28","author":"X Wu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wu X, Zheng Y, Cui Y, Zhu L, Lu Y, Chen H. Propofol attenuates oxidative stress-induced PC12 cell injury via p38 MAP kinase dependent pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2007;28(8):1123\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2007.00610.x.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"1468_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965661","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.965661","volume":"13","author":"Y Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu Y, Zhou H, Zhang H, et al. The neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine and its mechanism. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:965661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.965661.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1468_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85456","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.85456","volume":"17","author":"R Domi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Domi R, Cani A, Abdyli A, et al. Ketamine in neurocritical care: new potentials and perspectives. Cureus. 2025;17(6):e85456. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.85456.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"1468_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jointm.2024.04.005","volume":"5","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Wang S, Xu S, Xu N, Zhang L, Zhou J. Current advances in neurocritical care. J Intensive Med. 2025;5(1):23\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jointm.2024.04.005.","journal-title":"J Intensive Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1468_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina60020304","volume":"60","author":"AP Raquer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Raquer AP, Fong CT, Walters AM, Souter MJ, Lele AV. Delirium and its associations with critical care utilizations and outcomes at the time of hospital discharge in patients with acute brain injury. Med Kaunas Lith. 2024;60(2):304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina60020304.","journal-title":"Med Kaunas Lith"},{"key":"1468_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12145","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x2022e12145","volume":"55","author":"H Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu H, Li J, Jiang L, He J, Zhang H, Wang K. Dexmedetomidine pretreatment alleviates cerebral ischemia\/reperfusion injury by inhibiting neuroinflammation through the JAK2\/STAT3 pathway. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2022;55:e12145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1414-431x2022e12145.","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"02","key":"1468_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1654746","volume":"05","author":"A Luthra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Luthra A, Rath GP. Ketamine: a neuroanesthesiologist\u2019s friend or foe? J Neuroanaesthesiol Crit Care. 2018;05(02):77\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1654746.","journal-title":"J Neuroanaesthesiol Crit Care"},{"issue":"19","key":"1468_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14192113","volume":"14","author":"A De Cassai","year":"2024","unstructured":"De Cassai A, Sella N, Pettenuzzo T, et al. Anesthetic management of acute ischemic stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: an overview. Diagnostics (Basel). 2024;14(19):2113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14192113.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1468_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2662-8","volume":"23","author":"C Robba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robba C, Bonatti G, Battaglini D, Rocco PRM, Pelosi P. Mechanical ventilation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: from pathophysiology to clinical practice. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-019-2662-8.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1468_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02177-0","volume":"18","author":"J Faura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faura J, Bustamante A, Mir\u00f3-Mur F, Montaner J. Stroke-induced immunosuppression: implications for the prevention and prediction of post-stroke infections. J Neuroinflammation. 2021;18(1):127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-021-02177-0.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"1468_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053478","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.1053478","volume":"15","author":"M Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang M, Peng Y. Advances in brain-heart syndrome: attention to cardiac complications after ischemic stroke. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022;15:1053478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2022.1053478.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"1468_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70114","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70114","volume":"30","author":"X Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen X, Yang D, Zhao H, Zhang H, Hong P. Stroke\u2010induced renal dysfunction: underlying mechanisms and challenges of the brain\u2013kidney axis. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024;30(11):e70114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.70114.","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"1468_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Y, Liu L, Zhang T, et al. Brain-heart interaction: direct and indirect circuits in health and diseases. J Adv Res. Published online April 2026:S2090123226003012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2026.04.024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2026.04.024"},{"key":"1468_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1690302","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2026.1690302","volume":"20","author":"H Li","year":"2026","unstructured":"Li H, Guo W, Nie Q, Wang Z, Li H. Central autonomic network dysfunction in stroke-heart syndrome: mechanistic roles of the insula and limbic system. Front Neurosci. 2026;20:1690302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2026.1690302.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"1468_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.032241","volume":"52","author":"PD Lyden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyden PD. Cerebroprotection for acute ischemic stroke: looking ahead. Stroke. 2021;52(9):3033\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.032241.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"1468_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02608-1","volume":"11","author":"GC Sousa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sousa GC, Fernandes MV, Cruz FF, et al. Comparative effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on brain and lung damage in experimental acute ischemic stroke. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):23133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-02608-1.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1468_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2020.172904","volume":"191","author":"Z Xiong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiong Z, Chang L, Qu Y, et al. Neuronal brain injury after cerebral ischemic stroke is ameliorated after subsequent administration of (R)-ketamine, but not (S)-ketamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2020;191:172904. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2020.172904.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"1468_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-019-00426-0","volume":"36","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Tian D, Wei C, et al. Propofol attenuates \u03b1-synuclein aggregation and neuronal damage in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Neurosci Bull. 2020;36(3):289\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12264-019-00426-0.","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"1468_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106494","volume":"202","author":"V Byrappa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Byrappa V, Lamperti M, Ruzhyla A, Killian A, John S, St Lee T. Acute ischemic stroke & emergency mechanical thrombectomy: the effect of type of anesthesia on early outcome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021;202:106494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106494.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"1468_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00170","volume":"11","author":"C Ren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ren C, Xu G, Liu Y, Liu G, Wang J, Gao J. Effect of conscious sedation vs. general anesthesia on outcomes in patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Front Neurol. 2020;11:170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2020.00170.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1468_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311170","volume":"121","author":"Z Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen Z, Venkat P, Seyfried D, Chopp M, Yan T, Chen J. Brain-heart interaction: cardiac complications after stroke. Circ Res. 2017;121(4):451\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.311170.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1468_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.4097\/kjae.2010.58.4.378","volume":"58","author":"IW Shin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shin IW, Jang IS, Lee SH, et al. Propofol has delayed myocardial protective effects after a regional ischemia\/reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat heart model. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2010;58(4):378\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4097\/kjae.2010.58.4.378.","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"1468_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15709","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015709","volume":"98","author":"B Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu B, Hu H, Cai A, Ren C, Liu S. The safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus propofol for patients undergoing endovascular therapy for acute stroke: a prospective randomized control trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(21):e15709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000015709.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1468_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1305","volume":"6","author":"S Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang S, Chou WP, Pei L. Effects of propofol on renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Ther Med. 2013;6(5):1177\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2013.1305.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"1468_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111004","volume":"124","author":"LBB Heil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heil LBB, Braga CL, Magalh\u00e3es RF, et al. Dexmedetomidine compared to low-dose ketamine better protected not only the brain but also the lungs in acute ischemic stroke. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;124:111004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111004.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1468_CR34","first-page":"164","volume":"29","author":"J Lyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lyu J, Zhou Y, Zhang M, et al. Neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Altern Ther Health Med. 2023;29(6):164\u20139.","journal-title":"Altern Ther Health Med"},{"key":"1468_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Heil LB, Braga CL, Sacramento RM, et al. Comparative effects of ketamine and dexmedetomidine on brain and lung damage in experimental acute ischemic stroke. In: C33. Inflammatory modulation in sarcoidosis, lung transplant, and other diseases. American Thoracic Society; 2022:A3941-A3941. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3941","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_MeetingAbstracts.A3941"},{"issue":"4","key":"1468_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.06.020","volume":"129","author":"K Heybati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heybati K, Zhou F, Ali S, et al. Outcomes of dexmedetomidine versus propofol sedation in critically ill adults requiring mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Anaesth. 2022;129(4):515\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bja.2022.06.020.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"1468_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108837","volume":"114","author":"L He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He L, Hao S, Wang Y, et al. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning attenuates ischemia\/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts with endothelial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;114:108837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108837.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2","key":"1468_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-019-02612-w","volume":"33","author":"S Tsujikawa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsujikawa S, Ikeshita K. Low-dose dexmedetomidine provides hemodynamics stabilization during emergence and recovery from general anesthesia in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Anesth. 2019;33(2):266\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00540-019-02612-w.","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"1468_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2120971","volume":"2020","author":"N Bao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bao N, Dai D. Dexmedetomidine protects against ischemia and reperfusion-induced kidney injury in rats. Mediators Inflamm. 2020;2020:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/2120971.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"1468_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/380403","volume":"2015","author":"S Liman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liman S, Cheung CW, Wong KL, et al. Preventive treatment with ketamine attenuates the ischaemia-reperfusion response in a chronic postischaemia pain model. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/380403.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"7","key":"1468_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1177\/10600280211051028","volume":"56","author":"E Atchley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Atchley E, Tesoro E, Meyer R, Bauer A, Pulver M, Benken S. Hemodynamic effects of ketamine compared with propofol or dexmedetomidine as continuous ICU sedation. Ann Pharmacother. 2022;56(7):764\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10600280211051028.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"}],"container-title":["Translational Stroke Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12975-026-01468-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12975-026-01468-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12975-026-01468-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T07:17:50Z","timestamp":1787815070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12975-026-01468-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1468"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12975-026-01468-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1868-4483","1868-601X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1868-4483","type":"print"},{"value":"1868-601X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 June 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 June 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"75"}}