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Our objective was to directly compare the caloric intake-independent effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and single anastomosis duodenoileal bypass with SG (SADI-S) on glucose tolerance in rats with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and to elucidate the differences between bariatric surgery and caloric restriction.<\/jats:p><jats:p>A total of 120 adult male Wistar rats with DIO and insulin resistance were randomly assigned to surgical (sham operation, SG, and SADI-S) and dietary (pair-feeding the amount of food eaten by animals undergoing the SG or SADI-S surgeries) interventions. Body weight and food intake were weekly monitored, and 6\u00a0weeks after interventions, fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests, plasma insulin, adiponectin, GIP, GLP-1, and ghrelin levels were determined.<\/jats:p><jats:p>The body weight of SADI-S rats was significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) lower as compared to the sham-operated, SG, and pair-fed groups. Furthermore, SADI-S rats exhibited decreased whole body fat mass (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), lower food efficiency rates (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and increased insulin sensitivity, as well as improved glucose and lipid metabolism compared to that of the SG and pair-fed rats.<\/jats:p><jats:p>SADI-S was more effective than SG, or caloric restriction, in improving glycemic control and metabolic profile, with a higher remission of insulin resistance as well as long-term weight loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-023-00993-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T22:01:16Z","timestamp":1699394476000},"page":"149-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Single anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy generates sustained improvement of glycemic control compared with sleeve gastrectomy in the diet-induced obese rat model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3441-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Becerril","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-0573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier A.","family":"Cienfuegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2180-461X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7513-7509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Catal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3381-7220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7074-2849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Valent\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5871-3156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Moncada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4260-1325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xabier","family":"Unamuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5601-1604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"G\u00f3mez-Ambrosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8305-7154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gema","family":"Fr\u00fchbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"993_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","volume":"377","author":"A Afshin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A et al (2017) Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. 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