{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:57:38Z","timestamp":1793228258965,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Physiol Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-024-01057-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T06:47:55Z","timestamp":1731998875000},"page":"111-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The importance of growth differentiation factor 15 and interleukin 6 serum levels in inflammatory bowel diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Evgenia","family":"Koureta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pantelis","family":"Karatzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis N.","family":"Kanellopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Papapanagiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Lekakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgos","family":"Bamias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Karamanolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiannis","family":"Vlachogiannakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Athanasios G.","family":"Papavassiliou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George V.","family":"Papatheodoridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1057_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804647","volume":"361","author":"C Abraham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abraham C, Cho JH (2009) Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med 361:2066\u20132078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra0804647","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1057_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8111970","author":"GC Actis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Actis GC, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Ribaldone DG (2019) History of Inflammatory Bowel diseases. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8111970. 8:1970","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1057_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adela R, Banerjee SK (2015) GDF-15 as a Target and Biomarker for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Translational Prospective. J Diabetes Res 2015:490842. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/490842","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/490842"},{"key":"1057_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2018.1447597","volume":"53","author":"B Ahluwalia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahluwalia B, Moraes L, Magnusson MK, \u00d6hman L (2018) Immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and mechanisms of biological therapies. Scand J Gastroenterol 53:379\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365521.2018.1447597","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1057_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820350","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.820350","volume":"13","author":"DS Ahmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmed DS, Isnard S, Berini C, Lin J, Routy JP, Royston L (2022) Coping with stress: the Mitokine GDF-15 as a biomarker of COVID-19 severity. Front Immunol 13:820350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.820350","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1057_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295230","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1295230","volume":"14","author":"A Alhendi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alhendi A, Naser SA (2023) The dual role of interleukin-6 in Crohn\u2019s disease pathophysiology. Front Immunol 14:1295230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1295230","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1057_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Atreya R, Mudter J, Finotto S et Al(2000)blockade of interleukin 6 trans signaling suppresses T-cell resistance against apoptosis in chronic intestinal inflammation: evidence in Crohn\u2019s disease and experimental colitis in vivo. Nat Med 6:583\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/75068","DOI":"10.1038\/75068"},{"key":"1057_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1385\/criai:28:3:187","volume":"28","author":"R Atreya","year":"2005","unstructured":"Atreya R, Neurath MF (2005) Involvement of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and Colon cancer. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 28:187\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1385\/criai:28:3:187","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"1057_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8613031","volume":"110","author":"MW Babyatsky","year":"1996","unstructured":"Babyatsky MW, Rossiter G, Podolsky DK (1996) Expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta in colonic mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 110:975\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/gast.1996.v110.pm8613031","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1057_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.02.008","volume":"198","author":"S Baek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baek S, Eling T (2019) Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15): a survival protein with therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 198:46\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2019.02.008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1057_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(12)60026-9","volume":"380","author":"DC Baumgart","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baumgart DC, Sandborn WJ (2012) Crohn\u2019s disease. Lancet 380:1590\u20131605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(12)60026-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1057_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-012-1390-z","volume":"351","author":"P Biancheri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Biancheri P, Di Sabatino A, Corazza GR, MacDonald TT (2013) Proteases and the gut barrier. Cell Tissue Res 351:269\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00441-012-1390-z","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"1057_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.20912","volume":"120","author":"A Bitton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bitton A, Peppercorn MA, Antonioli DA et al (2001) Clinical, Biological, and Histologic Parameters as predictors of Relapse in Ulcerative Colitis. Gastroenterology 120:13\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/gast.2001.20912","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1057_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5271203","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5271203","volume":"2017","author":"L Buendgens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buendgens L, Yagmur E, Bruensing J et al (2017) Growth differentiation Factor-15 is a predictor of Mortality in critically ill patients with Sepsis. Dis Markers 2017:5271203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/5271203","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"key":"1057_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030800","volume":"9","author":"GP Caviglia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caviglia GP, Rosso C, Stalla F et al (2020) On-Treatment decrease of serum Interleukin-6 as a predictor of clinical response to Biologic Therapy in patients with inflammatory Bowel diseases. J Clin Med 9:800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9030800","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1057_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90072-7","volume":"103","author":"C Gasch\u00e9","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gasch\u00e9 C, Reinisch W, Lochs H, Gangl A (1992) Interleukin-6 production in Crohn\u2019s disease. Gastroenterology 103:1120\u20131121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90072-7","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1057_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90098-j","volume":"102","author":"V Gross","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gross V, Andus T, Caesar I, Roth M, Sch\u00f6lmerich J (1992) Evidence for continuous stimulation of interleukin-6 production in Crohn\u2019s disease. Gastroenterology 102:514\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90098-j","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1057_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.51362","volume":"17","author":"Y Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo Y, Wang B, Wang T et al (2021) Biological characteristics of IL-6 and related intestinal diseases. Int J Biol Sci 17:204\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.51362","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"1057_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-199503000-00010","volume":"20","author":"W Holtkamp","year":"1995","unstructured":"Holtkamp W, Stollberg T, Reis H (1995) Serum interleukin-6 is related to disease activity but not disease specificity in inflammatory bowel disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 20:123\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004836-199503000-00010","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1057_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.1999.01989.x","volume":"14","author":"T Hosokawa","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hosokawa T, Kusugami K, Ina K et al (1999) Interleukin 6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor in the colonic mucosa of inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:987\u2013996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1440-1746.1999.01989.x","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1057_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716499","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.716499","volume":"12","author":"J Jacobse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacobse J, Li J, Rings EHHM, Samsom JN, Goettel JA (2021) Intestinal Regulatory T Cells as Specialized tissue-restricted Immune cells in Intestinal Immune Homeostasis and Disease. Front Immunol 12:716499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.716499","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1057_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2017.17.1.25","volume":"17","author":"DH Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim DH, Cheon JH (2017) Pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and recent advances in Biologic therapies. Immune Netw 17:25\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4110\/in.2017.17.1.25","journal-title":"Immune Netw"},{"key":"1057_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ku\u010derka O, Blahutov\u00e1 M, Kosek V et al (2024) Exploring the Role of GDF-15 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case-Controlled Study Comparing Crohn\u2019s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis with Non-Inflammatory Controls. Metabolites. 2024;14:185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo14040185","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14040185"},{"key":"1057_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02064182","volume":"40","author":"K Kusugami","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kusugami K, Fukatsu A, Tanimoto M et al (1995) Elevation of interleukin-6 in inflammatory bowel disease is macrophage- and epithelial cell-dependent. Dig Dis Sci 40:949\u2013959. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02064182","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"1057_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851534","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.851534","volume":"10","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Li S, Qiu Y et al (2022) Circulating FGF21 and GDF15 as biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and Severity Assessment of primary mitochondrial disorders in Children. Front Pediatr 10:851534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2022.851534","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"1057_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1097\/00042737-199710000-00004","volume":"9","author":"E Louis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Louis E, Belaiche J, van Kemseke C et al (1997) A high serum concentration of interleukin-6 is predictive of relapse in quiescent Crohn\u2019s disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:939\u2013944. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00042737-199710000-00004","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1057_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.12.1531","volume":"32","author":"YR Mahida","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mahida YR, Kurlac L, Gallagher A, Hawkey CJ (1991) High circulating concentrations of interleukin-6 in active Crohn\u2019s disease but not ulcerative colitis. Gut 32:1531\u20131534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.32.12.1531","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1057_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-009-0138-3","volume":"45","author":"L Mayer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mayer L (2010) Evolving paradigms in the pathogenesis of IBD. J Gastroenterol 45:9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00535-009-0138-3","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1057_CR29","first-page":"6","volume":"86","author":"D McGee","year":"1995","unstructured":"McGee D, Bamberg T, Vitkus S, McGhee J (1995) A synergistic relationship between TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and TGF-beta 1 on IL-6 secretion by the IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cell line. Immunology 86:6","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"1057_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.36.1.45","volume":"36","author":"K Mitsuyama","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mitsuyama K, Toyonaga A, Sasaki E et al (1995) Soluble interleukin-6 receptors in inflammatory bowel disease: relation to circulating interleukin-6. Gut 36:45\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gut.36.1.45","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1057_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1515\/rjim-2015-0016","volume":"53","author":"AC Moldoveanu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moldoveanu AC, Diculescu M, Braticevici CF (2015) Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease.Rom. J Intern Med 53:118\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/rjim-2015-0016","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"1057_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830230226","volume":"23","author":"J M\u00fcllberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"M\u00fcllberg J, Schooltink H, Stoyan T et al (1993) The soluble interleukin-6 receptor is generated by shedding. Eur J Immunol 23:473\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eji.1830230226","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"1057_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2022.215664","volume":"536","author":"S Muniyan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muniyan S, Pothuraju R, Seshacharyulu P, Batra SK (2022) Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 in cancer: beyond the cellular phenotype. Cancer Lett 536:215664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.canlet.2022.215664","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"1057_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2017.1403647","volume":"53","author":"Y Nishida","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nishida Y, Hosomi S, Watanabe K et al (2018) Serum interleukin-6 level is associated with response to infliximab in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 53:579\u2013585. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00365521.2017.1403647","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1057_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-023-01872-9","volume":"46","author":"J Ramasamy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramasamy J, Jagadish C, Sukumaran A et al (2023) Low serum hepcidin levels in patients with Ulcerative Colitis - implications for treatment of Co-existent Iron-Deficiency Anemia. Inflammation 46:2209\u20132222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-023-01872-9","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"1057_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05997.x","volume":"94","author":"HC Reinecker","year":"1993","unstructured":"Reinecker HC, Steffen M, Witthoeft T et al (1993) Enhanced secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1 beta by isolated lamina propria mononuclear cells from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease. Clin Exp Immunol 94:174\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05997.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"1057_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01288.x","volume":"94","author":"W Reinisch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Reinisch W, Gasch\u00e9 C, Tillinger W et al (1999) Clinical relevance of serum interleukin-6 in Crohn\u2019s disease: single point measurements, therapy monitoring, and prediction of clinical relapse. Am J Gastroenterol 94:2156\u20132164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1572-0241.1999.01288.x","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1057_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200641","volume":"210","author":"J Reyes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reyes J, Yap GS (2023) Emerging roles of GDF-15 in Immunoregulation and Pathogenesis. J Immunol 210:5\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2200641","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"1057_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021526","volume":"24","author":"A Saez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saez A, Herrero-Fernandez B, Gomez-Bris R, S\u00e1nchez-Martinez H, Gonzalez-Granado JM (2023) Pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease: Innate Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 24:1526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24021526","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1057_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13008","volume":"30","author":"S Sato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sato S, Chiba T, Nakamura S, Matsumoto T (2015) Changes in cytokine profile may predict therapeutic efficacy of infliximab in patients with ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 30:1467\u20131472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.13008","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1057_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1159\/000500721","volume":"4","author":"P Schreiner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schreiner P, Neurath MF, Ng SC et al (2019) Mechanism-based treatment strategies for IBD: cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, JAK inhibitors, Gut Flora, and more. Inflamm Intest Dis 4:79\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000500721","journal-title":"Inflamm Intest Dis"},{"key":"1057_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2022.017","volume":"167","author":"M Sluka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sluka M, Hutyra M, Nykl R et al (2023) Risk stratification using growth differentiation factor 15 in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 167:263\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5507\/bp.2022.017","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub"},{"key":"1057_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000208","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2018-000208","volume":"5","author":"C Soendergaard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soendergaard C, Seidelin JB, Steenholdt C, Nielsen OH (2018) Putative biomarkers of vedolizumab resistance and underlying inflammatory pathways involved in IBD. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 5:e000208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgast-2018-000208","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1057_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(90)90149-l","volume":"47","author":"Y Suzuki","year":"1990","unstructured":"Suzuki Y, Saito H, Kasanuki J, Kishimoto T, Tamura Y, Yoshida S (1990) Significant increase of interleukin 6 production in blood mononuclear leukocytes obtained from patients with active inflammatory bowel disease. Life Sci 47:2193\u20132197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0024-3205(90)90149-l","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1057_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i13.1899","volume":"30","author":"A Tonkic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tonkic A, Kumric M, Akrapovic Olic I et al (2024) Growth differentiation factor-15 serum concentrations reflect disease severity and anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 30:1899\u20131910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v30.i13.1899","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1057_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0082-6","volume":"3","author":"VW Tsai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tsai VW, Husaini Y, Manandhar R et al (2012) Anorexia\/cachexia of chronic diseases: a role for the TGF-\u03b2 family cytokine MIC-1\/GDF15. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 3:239\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13539-012-0082-6","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"1057_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.03.005","volume":"19","author":"YC Tung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tung YC, Hsiao FC, Lin CP, Hsu WC, Chu PH (2022) Cognitive impairment and its association with circulating biomarkers in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. J Geriatr Cardiol 19:227\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11909\/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.03.005","journal-title":"J Geriatr Cardiol"},{"key":"1057_CR48","first-page":"879","volume":"53","author":"Y Umehara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Umehara Y, Kudo M, Nakaoka R, Kawasaki T, Shiomi M (2006) Serum proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules in ulcerative colitis. Hepatogastroenterology 53:879\u2013882","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenterology"},{"key":"1057_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840000226","volume":"15","author":"C Van Kemseke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Van Kemseke C, Belaiche J, Louis E (2000) Frequently relapsing Crohn\u2019s disease is characterized by persistent elevation in interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor serum levels during remission. Int J Colorectal Dis 15:206\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s003840000226","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"1057_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2013.12.003","volume":"26","author":"MJ Waldner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waldner MJ, Neurath MF (2014) Master regulator of intestinal disease: IL-6 in chronic inflammation and cancer development. Semin Immunol 26:75\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smim.2013.12.003","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"1057_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.11.025","volume":"85","author":"X Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang X, Baek SJ, ElingTE (2013) The diverse roles of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug activated gene (NAG-1\/GDF15) in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 85:597\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.11.025","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"1057_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10587-0","volume":"12","author":"H Yamamoto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yamamoto H, Takeshima F, Haraguchi M et al (2022) High serum concentrations of growth diferentiation factor-15 and their association with Crohn\u2019s disease and a low skeletal muscle index. Sci Rep 12:6591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-10587-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13105-024-01057-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13105-024-01057-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13105-024-01057-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T13:14:26Z","timestamp":1743686066000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13105-024-01057-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13105-024-01057-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1138-7548","1877-8755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1138-7548","type":"print"},{"value":"1877-8755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Medical School of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (Number of the approved protocol: 28).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individuals included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate\/publish"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}