{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:54:52Z","timestamp":1781646892475,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009042","name":"Universidad de Sevilla","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009042","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Physiol Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During postnatal development in mice there is a marked switch in the expression of AQP4 from white to grey matter regions. A microglial population, CD11c+, which has been shown to be involved in normal postnatal development of the corpus callosum (CC), prolongs its expression in this tissue in the absence of AQP4. Here, we investigated the correlation between the levels of AQP4 expression during the early postnatal period and the expression of marker genes related to oligodendrogenesis in the mouse CC. A microarray transcriptomic analysis of the CC of wild-type (WT) and AQP4-KO (KO) mice was performed, validation of differentially expressed genes was done by RT-qPCR, and protein expression was analyzed by immunofluorescence. Overexpression of genes associated with microglia and astrocytes and inhibition of genes associated with mature oligodendrocytes were observed in the KO animal compared to the WT. GFAP and CD11c signals were significantly higher in the CC of the KO animal, as was the number of OPCs (OLIG2+\/PDGFRa+). However, the number of mature oligodendrocytes (OLIG2+\/CC1+) was reduced in the KO mice, indicating a failure of the oligodendrogenesis process that results in a significant reduction in the number of myelinated axons in the CC of the KO animal. This mouse model of congenital AQP4 deficiency, which shows defects in the maturation of its oligodendrocytes in the CC, provides insight into the role of AQP4 in demyelinating pathology and could help in the development of new diagnostic and\/or therapeutic strategies for such diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-026-01173-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:58:29Z","timestamp":1774943909000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The postnatal expression of transcripts and proteins in the corpus callosum, as well as its myelinization, is affected by the congenital absence of AQP4"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Mayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Vinceiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Hiraldo-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismael","family":"Torres-Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Calle-Castillejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaheh","family":"Sobh-Doush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reposo","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Lorca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Echevarr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1173_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Le\u00f3n Reyes NS, Bragg-Gonzalo L, Nieto M (2020) Development and plasticity of the corpus callosum. Dev 147(18)","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.189738"},{"key":"1173_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fame RM, Macdonald JL, Macklis JD (2011) Development specification, and diversity of callosal projection neurons. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2010.10.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2010.10.002"},{"key":"1173_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0093-934X(03)00062-2","volume":"85","author":"LK Paul","year":"2003","unstructured":"Paul LK, Van Lancker-Sidtis D, Schieffer B, Dietrich R, Brown WS (2003) Communicative Deficits in Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum: Nonliteral Language and Affective Prosody. Brain Lang 85:313\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0093-934X(03)00062-2","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"1173_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aboitiz F, Montiel J (2003) One hundred million years of interhemispheric communication: the history of the corpus callosum Vol. 36","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2003000400002"},{"key":"1173_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn260","volume":"19","author":"T Kowalczyk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kowalczyk T, Pontious A, Englund C, Daza RAM, Bedogni F, Hodge R, Attardo A, Bell C, Huttner WB, Hevner RF (2009) Intermediate Neuronal Progenitors (Basal Progenitors) Produce Pyramidal-Projection Neurons for All Layers of Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex Oct 19:2439\u20132450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhn260","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex Oct"},{"key":"1173_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NIC.2019.03.006","volume":"29","author":"C Raybaud","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raybaud C (2019) Corpus Callosum: Molecular Pathways in Mice and Human Dysgeneses. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 29:445\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NIC.2019.03.006","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"key":"1173_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Domingues HS, Portugal CC, Socodato R, Relvas JB, Oligodendrocyte (2016) Astrocyte, and microglia crosstalk in myelin development, damage, and repair. Front Cell Dev Biol 4","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2016.00071"},{"key":"1173_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2015.01.016","volume":"32","author":"KK Bercury","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bercury KK, Macklin WB (2015) Dynamics and Mechanisms of CNS Myelination. Dev Cell 32:447\u2013458","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"1173_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05534-y","volume":"613","author":"NB McNamara","year":"2023","unstructured":"McNamara NB, Munro DAD, Bestard-Cuche N, Uyeda A, Bogie JFJ, Hoffmann A, Holloway RK, Molina-Gonzalez I, Askew KE, Mitchell S et al (2023) Microglia Regulate Central Nervous System Myelin Growth and Integrity. Nature 613:120\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05534-y","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1173_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Molina-Gonzalez I, Holloway RK, Jiwaji Z, Dando O, Kent SA, Emelianova K, Lloyd AF, Forbes LH, Mahmood A, Skripuletz T et al (2023) Astrocyte-oligodendrocyte interaction regulates central nervous system regeneration. Nat Commun 14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-39046-8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39046-8"},{"key":"1173_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00079","volume":"14","author":"E Traiffort","year":"2020","unstructured":"Traiffort E, Kassoussi A, Zahaf A, Laouarem Y (2020) Astrocytes and Microglia as Major Players of Myelin Production in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Front Cell Neurosci 14:1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2020.00079","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"1173_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROSCIENCE.2013.10.050","volume":"276","author":"I Lundgaard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lundgaard I, Os\u00f3rio MJ, Kress BT, Sanggaard S, Nedergaard M (2014) White Matter Astrocytes in Health and Disease. Neuroscience 276:161\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEUROSCIENCE.2013.10.050","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1173_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2016.00119","volume":"10","author":"J Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li J, Zhang L, Chu Y, Namaka M, Deng B, Kong J, Bi X (2016) Astrocytes in Oligodendrocyte Lineage Development and White Matter Pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 10:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2016.00119","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"1173_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-007-9027-5","volume":"35","author":"JL Orthmann-Murphy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Orthmann-Murphy JL, Abrams CK, Scherer SS (2008) Gap Junctions Couple Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes. J Mol Neurosci 35:101\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12031-007-9027-5","journal-title":"J Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"1173_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.52056","volume":"9","author":"L Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou L, Shao CY, Xie YJ, Wang N, Xu SM, Luo BY, Wu ZY, Ke YH, Qiu M, Shen Y (2020) Gab1 Mediates PDGF Signaling and Is Essential to Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and CNS Myelination. Elife 9:1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.52056","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1173_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030600","volume":"9","author":"E Nutma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nutma E, van Gent D, Amor S, Peferoen LAN (2020) Astrocyte and Oligodendrocyte Cross-Talk in the Central Nervous System. Cells 9:1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9030600","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1173_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.121.7.2187","volume":"121","author":"AL Gard","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gard AL, Burrell MR, Pfeiffer SE, Rudge JS, Williams WC (1995) Astroglial Control of Oligodendrocyte Survival Mediated by PDGF and Leukemia Inhibitory Factor-like Protein. Development 121:2187\u20132197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.121.7.2187","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"1173_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hui-Hsin Tsai, Jianqin Niu, Roeben Munji, Dimitrios Davalos, [...], and S.P.J.F. (2016) Oligodendrocyte precursors migrate along vasculature in the developing nervous system. Science 80 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aad3839","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad3839"},{"key":"1173_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.032","volume":"111","author":"Y Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Chen L, Xia W, Hoi KK, Li H, Wang Q, Yu G, Chen X et al (2023) Astrocyte Endfoot Formation Controls the Termination of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Perivascular Migration during Development. Neuron 111:190\u2013201e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.10.032","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1173_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201696056","volume":"36","author":"A Wlodarczyk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wlodarczyk A, Holtman IR, Krueger M, Yogev N, Bruttger J, Khorooshi R, Benmamar-Badel A, de Boer\u2010Bergsma JJ, Martin NA, Karram K et al (2017) A Novel Microglial Subset Plays a Key Role in Myelinogenesis in Developing Brain. EMBO J 36:3292\u20133308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embj.201696056","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"1173_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mayo F, Gonz\u00e1lez-Vinceiro L, Hiraldo-Gonz\u00e1lez L, Calle-Castillejo C, Torres-Rubio I, Mayo M, Ram\u00edrez-Lorca R, Echevarr\u00eda M (2024) Absence of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) prolongs the presence of a CD11c+ microglial population during postnatal corpus callosum development. Int J Mol Sci 25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25158332","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158332"},{"key":"1173_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.012","volume":"187","author":"AR Lawrence","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lawrence AR, Canzi A, Bridlance C, Olivi\u00e9 N, Lansonneur C, Catale C, Pizzamiglio L, Kloeckner B, Silvin A, Munro DAD et al (2024) Microglia Maintain Structural Integrity during Fetal Brain Morphogenesis. Cell 187:962\u2013980e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1173_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200204000-00001","volume":"22","author":"J Badaut","year":"2002","unstructured":"Badaut J, Lasbennes F, Magistretti PJ, Regli L (2002) Aquaporins in Brain: Distribution, Physiology, and Pathophysiology. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 22:367\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004647-200204000-00001","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"1173_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1252","volume":"4","author":"M Amiry-Moghaddam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amiry-Moghaddam M, Ottersen OP (2003) The Molecular Basis of Water Transport in the Brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 4:991\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1252","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1173_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.03.022","volume":"57","author":"M Zelenina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zelenina M (2010) Regulation of Brain Aquaporins. Neurochem Int 57:468\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.03.022","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"1173_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nagelhus EA, Ottersen OP (2025) Physiological roles of aquaporin-4 regulation water and waste clearance sensory systems 1543\u20131562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00011.2013","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2013"},{"key":"1173_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0165439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165439","volume":"11","author":"DKL Tham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tham DKL, Joshi B, Moukhles H (2016) Aquaporin-4 Cell-Surface Expression and Turnover Are Regulated by Dystroglycan, Dynamin, and the Extracellular Matrix in Astrocytes. PLoS ONE 11:e0165439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0165439","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1173_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0437946100","volume":"100","author":"M Amiry-Moghaddam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amiry-Moghaddam M, Otsuka T, Hurn PD, Traystman RJ, Haug F-M, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Neely JD, Agre P, Ottersen OP et al (2003) An -Syntrophin-Dependent Pool of AQP4 in Astroglial End-Feet Confers Bidirectional Water Flow between Blood and Brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci 100:2106\u20132111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0437946100","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"1173_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14108","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241508198","volume":"98","author":"JD Neely","year":"2001","unstructured":"Neely JD, Amiry-Moghaddam M, Ottersen OP, Froehner SC, Agre P, Adams ME (2001) Syntrophin-Dependent Expression and Localization of Aquaporin-4 Water Channel Protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:14108\u201314113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.241508198","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1173_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1eyra-Ruiz L, Gonz\u00e1lez-Marrero I, Hern\u00e1ndez-Abad LG, Lee S, Casta\u00f1eyra-Perdomo A, Muhonen M (2022) AQP4, astrogenesis, and hydrocephalus: a new neurological perspective. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231810438","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810438"},{"key":"1173_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mayo F, Gonz\u00e1lez-Vinceiro L, Hiraldo-Gonz\u00e1lez L, Calle-Castillejo C, Morales-Alvarez S, Ram\u00edrez-Lorca R, Echevarr\u00eda M (2023) Aquaporin-4 expression switches from white to gray matter regions during postnatal development of the central nervous system. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms24033048","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24033048"},{"key":"1173_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.08.006","volume":"1864","author":"JL Trillo-Contreras","year":"2018","unstructured":"Trillo-Contreras JL, Ram\u00edrez-Lorca R, Hiraldo-Gonz\u00e1lez L, S\u00e1nchez-Gomar I, Gal\u00e1n-Cobo A, Su\u00e1rez-Luna N, Toledo-Aral E, Villadiego JJ, Echevarr\u00eda J (2018) Combined Effects of Aquaporin-4 and Hypoxia Produce Age-Related Hydrocephalus. Biochim Biophys Acta - Mol Basis Dis 1864:3515\u20133526. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2018.08.006","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta - Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"1173_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ritchie ME, Phipson B, Wu D, Hu Y, Law CW, Shi W, Smyth GK (2015) Limma powers differential expression analyses for rna-sequencing and microarray studies. Nucleic Acids Res 43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkv007","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv007"},{"key":"1173_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Subramanian A, Tamayo P, Mootha VK, Mukherjee S, Ebert BL, Gillette MA, Paulovich A, Pomeroy SL, Golub TR, Lander ES et al (2005) Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102"},{"key":"1173_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0558-20.2021","volume":"8","author":"T Kaiser","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaiser T, Allen HM, Kwon O, Barak B, Wang J, He Z, Jiang M, Feng G (2021) Myeltracer: A semi-automated software for myelin g-ratio quantification. eNeuro 8:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/ENEURO.0558-20.2021","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"1173_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1951.sp004655","volume":"115","author":"WAH Rushton","year":"1951","unstructured":"Rushton WAH (1951) A Theory of the Effects of Fibre Size in Medullated Nerve. J Physiol 115:101\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1951.sp004655","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1173_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haj-Yasein NN, Fluge Vindedal G, Eilert-Olsen M, Gundersen GA, Skare \u00d8, Laake P, Klungland A, Thor\u00e9n AE, Burkhardt JM, Petter Ottersen O et al (2011) Glial-conditional deletion of aquaporin-4 (Aqp4) reduces blood-brain water uptake and confers barrier function on perivascular astrocyte endfeet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1110655108","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110655108"},{"key":"1173_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2013.02.004","volume":"94","author":"X Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li X, Gao J, Ding J, Hu G, Xiao M (2013) Aquaporin-4 Expression Contributes to Decreases in Brain Water Content during Mouse Postnatal Development. Brain Res Bull 94:49\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2013.02.004","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"1173_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab293","volume":"145","author":"T Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du T, Mestre H, Kress BT, Liu G, Sweeney AM, Samson AJ, Rasmussen MK, Mortensen KN, Bork PAR, Peng W et al (2022) Cerebrospinal Fluid Is a Significant Fluid Source for Anoxic Cerebral Oedema. Brain 145:787\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab293","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1173_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mayo F, Gonz\u00e1lez-Vinceiro L, Hiraldo-Gonz\u00e1lez L, Rodr\u00edguez-G\u00f3mez FD, Calle-Castillejo C, Mayo M, Netti V, Ram\u00edrez-Lorca R, Echevarr\u00eda M (2024) Impact of aquaporin-4 and CD11c\u2009+\u2009microglia in the development of ependymal cells in the aqueduct: inferences to hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS 21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12987-024-00548-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-024-00548-2"},{"key":"1173_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"J. Schindelin, A.-C.E.F.V.K.M.L.T.P.S.P.C.R.S.S.B.S.J.-Y.T.D.J.W.V.H.K.E.P.T.A.C (2021) Fiji: An Open-source platform for biological-image analysis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2019","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"1173_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEULET.2014.01.055","volume":"565","author":"M Brenner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brenner M (2014) Role of GFAP in CNS Injuries. Neurosci Lett 565:7\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEULET.2014.01.055","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1173_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sawada R, Nakano-Doi A, Matsuyama T, Nakagomi N, Nakagomi T (2020) CD44 expression in stem cells and niche microglia\/macrophages following ischemic stroke. Stem Cell Investig 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/SCI.2020.02.02","DOI":"10.21037\/SCI.2020.02.02"},{"key":"1173_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134532","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEULET.2019.134532","volume":"713","author":"I Molina-Gonzalez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Molina-Gonzalez I, Miron VE (2019) Astrocytes in Myelination and Remyelination. Neurosci Lett 713:134532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.NEULET.2019.134532","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1173_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126409","volume":"142","author":"SA Goldman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goldman SA, Kuypers NJ (2015) How to Make an Oligodendrocyte. Dev 142:3983\u20133995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.126409","journal-title":"Dev"},{"key":"1173_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102557","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JFLM.2023.102557","volume":"97","author":"M Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma M, prakash S, Mathur P, Suri V, Subramanian A, Agrawal D, Pandey RM, Raina A, Malhotra R, Lalwani S (2023) Alterations of Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells (OPCs) with Survival Time in Humans Following High Impact Brain Trauma. J Forensic Leg Med 97:102557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JFLM.2023.102557","journal-title":"J Forensic Leg Med"},{"key":"1173_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bin JM, Harris SN, Kennedy TE (2016) The oligodendrocyte-specific antibody \u2018CC1\u2019 binds quaking 7. J Neurochem 181\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.13745","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13745"},{"key":"1173_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rubio-Ramos A, Labat-De-hoz L, Correas I, Alonso MA (2021) The mal protein, an integral component of specialized membranes, in normal cells and cancer. Cells 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10051065","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051065"},{"key":"1173_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(71)90009-4","volume":"32","author":"SW De Souza","year":"1971","unstructured":"De Souza SW (1971) Cerebral Edema in Developing Brain. I. Normal Water and Cation Content in Developing Rat Brain and Postmortem Changes. Exp Neurol 32:431\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4886(71)90009-4","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"1173_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108047","author":"AD Nemes-Baran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nemes-Baran AD, White DR (2020) Fractalkine-Dependent Microglial Pruning of Viable Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Regulates Myelination. Cell Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108047","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"1173_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-017-1747-1","volume":"3","author":"N Hagemeyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hagemeyer N, Hanft K-M, Akriditou M-A, Unger N, Park ES, Stanley \u00b7E, Richard, Staszewski (2017) \u00b7 Ori; Dimou, \u00b7 Leda; Marco Prinz, \u00b7 Microglia Contribute to Normal Myelinogenesis and to Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Maintenance during Adulthood. Acta Neuropathol 3:441\u2013458. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-017-1747-1","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1173_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MCN.2003.12.014","volume":"25","author":"R Selvaraju","year":"2004","unstructured":"Selvaraju R, Bernasconi L, Losberger C, Graber P, Kadi L, Avellana-Adalid V, Picard-Riera N, Van Evercooren AB, Cirillo R, Kosco-Vilbois M et al (2004) Osteopontin Is Upregulated during in Vivo Demyelination and Remyelination and Enhances Myelin Formation in Vitro. Mol Cell Neurosci 25:707\u2013721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MCN.2003.12.014","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"1173_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00297","volume":"12","author":"L Thomas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomas L, Pasquini LA (2018) Galectin-3-Mediated Glial Crosstalk Drives Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and (Re)Myelination. Front Cell Neurosci 12:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2018.00297","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"1173_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lenz KM, Nelson LH (2018) Microglia and beyond: Innate immune cells as regulators of brain development and behavioral function. Front Immunol 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00698","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00698"},{"key":"1173_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00432-1","author":"NI Wolf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wolf NI, van der Ffrench-Constant C (2021) Hypomyelinating Leukodystrophies - Unravelling Myelin Biology. Nat Rev Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-020-00432-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"1173_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5992","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.22-14-05992.2002","volume":"22","author":"N Spassky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Spassky N, De Castro F, Le Bras B, Heydon K, Qu\u00e9raud-LeSaux F, Bloch-Gallego E, Ch\u00e9dotal A, Zalc B, Thomas JL (2002) Directional Guidance of Oligodendroglial Migration by Class 3 Semaphorins and Netrin-1. J Neurosci 22:5992\u20136004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.22-14-05992.2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1173_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22378","volume":"60","author":"B Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric B, Moreau-Fauvarque C, Heitz-Marchaland C\u00e9line, Zagar Y, Dumas L, Fouquet St\u00e9phane, Lee X, Shao Z, Mi S (2012) Role of Transmembrane Semaphorin Sema6A in Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Myelination. Glia 60:1590\u20131604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.22378","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"1173_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CLIM.2015.12.005","volume":"163","author":"A Guti\u00e9rrez-Franco","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Franco A, Costa C, Eixarch H, Castillo M, Medina-Rodr\u00edguez EM, Bribi\u00e1n A, de Castro F, Montalban X, Espejo C (2016) Differential Expression of Sema3A and Sema7A in a Murine Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for a Therapeutic Design. Clin Immunol 163:22\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CLIM.2015.12.005","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1173_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.72","volume":"6","author":"S Jarius","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jarius S, Wildemann B (2010) AQP4 Antibodies in Neuromyelitis Optica: Diagnostic and Pathogenetic Relevance. Nat Rev Neurol 6:383\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.72","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"1173_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rossi A, Ratelade J, Papadopoulos MC, Bennett JL (2012) V.A. Neuromyelitis optica IgG does not alter aquaporin-4 water permeability, plasma membrane M1\/M23 isoform content, or supramolecular assembly. Glia 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.22417","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22417"},{"key":"1173_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5491","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1701960114","volume":"114","author":"SR Hinson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hinson SR, Clift IC, Luo N, Kryzer TJ, Lennon VA (2017) Autoantibody-Induced Internalization of CNS AQP4 Water Channel and EAAT2 Glutamate Transporter Requires Astrocytic Fc Receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114:5491\u20135496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1701960114","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1173_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5178","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02491-x","volume":"58","author":"V Netti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Netti V, Fern\u00e1ndez J, Melamud L, Garcia-Miranda P, Di Giusto G, Ford P, Echevarr\u00eda M, Capurro C (2021) Aquaporin-4 Removal from the Plasma Membrane of Human M\u00fcller Cells by AQP4-IgG from Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Induces Changes in Cell Volume Homeostasis: The First Step of Retinal Injury? Mol Neurobiol 58:5178\u20135193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-021-02491-x","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1173_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab102","volume":"144","author":"TM Yoshiki Takai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yoshiki Takai TM, Suzuki H, Takahashi T, Okada H, Tanaka S, Okita K, Sasou S, Watanabe M, Namatame C, Yuki Matsumoto, HYoshiki Takai, Tatsuro Misu, Hiroyoshi Suzuki, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Hi MA (2021) Staging of astrocytopathy and complement activation in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Brain 144:2401\u20132415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awab102","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1173_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1469-1","volume":"130","author":"M Olabarria","year":"2015","unstructured":"Olabarria M, Putilina M, Riemer EC, Goldman JE (2015) Astrocyte Pathology in Alexander Disease Causes a Marked Inflammatory Environment. Acta Neuropathol 130:469\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-015-1469-1","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1173_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.405","volume":"4","author":"M Bugiani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bugiani M, Dubey M, Breur M, Postma NL, Dekker MP, ter Braak T, Boschert U, Abbink TEM, Mansvelder HD, Min R et al (2017) Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with Cysts: The Glialcam -null Mouse Model. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 4:450\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.405","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13105-026-01173-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13105-026-01173-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13105-026-01173-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T21:13:36Z","timestamp":1781644416000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13105-026-01173-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13105-026-01173-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1138-7548","1877-8755"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1138-7548","type":"print"},{"value":"1877-8755","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All experiments were carried out in accordance with the European Directive 2010\/63\/EU and the Spanish RD\/53\/2013 for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes; and all animal procedures were conducted with the approval of the Animal Research Committee of the Virgen del Roc\u00edo University Hospital (23\/07\/2020, acta CEI 16\/2020; Internal Reference code: 0286-N-20; University of Seville).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Institutional review board statement"}}],"article-number":"33"}}