{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T14:39:51Z","timestamp":1784644791289,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473984000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Med. Toxicol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-016-0584-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T13:08:14Z","timestamp":1474031294000},"page":"52-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Analytically Confirmed Intoxications Involving MDMB-CHMICA from the STRIDA Project"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Matilda","family":"B\u00e4ckberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiza","family":"Tworek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olof","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Helander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"584_CR1","unstructured":"EMCDDA. EU drug markets report 2016\u2014in-depth analysis. 2016. Available at: http:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/system\/files\/publications\/2373\/TD0216072ENN.PDF ."},{"key":"584_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2011.00060","volume":"5","author":"L Fattore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fattore L, Fratta W. Beyond THC: the new generation of cannabinoid designer drugs. Front Behav Neurosci. 2011;5:60.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"584_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.04.017","volume":"39","author":"KA Seely","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seely KA, Lapoint J, Moran JH, Fattore L. Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: a review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012;39:234\u201343.","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"584_CR4","unstructured":"Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. \u2018Third generation\u2019 synthetic cannabinoids. 2014. Available at: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/380161\/CannabinoidsReport.pdf ."},{"key":"584_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bks047","volume":"36","author":"KG Shanks","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shanks KG, Dahn T, Behonick G, Terrell A. Analysis of first and second generation legal highs for synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic stimulants by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and time of flight mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol. 2012;36:360\u201371.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"584_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1584","volume":"6","author":"R Kikura-Hanajiri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kikura-Hanajiri R, Kawamura NU, Goda Y. Changes in the prevalence of new psychoactive substances before and after the introduction of the generic scheduling of synthetic cannabinoids in Japan. Drug Test Anal. 2014;6:832\u20139.","journal-title":"Drug Test Anal"},{"key":"584_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.09.011","volume":"97","author":"JL Wiley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wiley JL, Marusich JA, Huffman JW. Moving around the molecule: relationship between chemical structure and in vivo activity of synthetic cannabinoids. Life Sci. 2014;97:55\u201363.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"584_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.09.017","volume":"97","author":"WE Fantegrossi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fantegrossi WE, Moran JH, Radominska-Pandya A, Prather PL. Distinct pharmacology and metabolism of K2 synthetic cannabinoids compared to Delta(9)-THC: mechanism underlying greater toxicity? Life Sci. 2014;97:45\u201354.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"584_CR9","first-page":"53","volume":"26","author":"SM Gurney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gurney SM, Scott KS, Kacinko SL, Presley BC, Logan BK. Pharmacology, toxicology, and adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoid drugs. Forensic Sci Rev. 2014;26:53\u201378.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Rev"},{"key":"584_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.005","volume":"144C","author":"MS Castaneto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castaneto MS, Gorelick DA, Desrosiers NA, Hartman RL, Pirard S, Huestis MA. Synthetic cannabinoids: epidemiology, pharmacodynamics, and clinical implications. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;144C:12\u201341.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"584_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1110590","volume":"54","author":"RJ Tait","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tait RJ, Caldicott D, Mountain D, Hill SL, Lenton S. A systematic review of adverse events arising from the use of synthetic cannabinoids and their associated treatment. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2016;54:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"584_CR12","first-page":"93","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Acute kidney injury associated with synthetic cannabinoid use\u2014multiple states, 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62:93\u20138.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"584_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-015-8612-7","volume":"407","author":"V Shevyrin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shevyrin V, Melkozerov V, Nevero A, Eltsov O, Shafran Y, Morzherin Y, et al. Identification and analytical characteristics of synthetic cannabinoids with an indazole-3-carboxamide structure bearing a N-1-methoxycarbonylalkyl group. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2015;407:6301\u201315.","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"584_CR14","first-page":"618","volume":"64","author":"R Law","year":"2015","unstructured":"Law R, Schier J, Martin C, Chang A, Wolkin A. Notes from the field: increase in reported adverse health effects related to synthetic Cannabinoid use\u2014United States, January\u2013May 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015;64:618\u20139.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"584_CR15","first-page":"939","volume":"62","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Notes from the field: severe illness associated with synthetic cannabinoid use\u2014Brunswick, Georgia, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62:939.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"584_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.12.038","volume":"48","author":"MD Schwartz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schwartz MD, Trecki J, Edison LA, Steck AR, Arnold JK, Gerona RR. A common source outbreak of severe delirium associated with exposure to the novel synthetic cannabinoid ADB-PINACA. J Emerg Med. 2015;48:573\u201380.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"584_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkv142","volume":"40","author":"KG Shanks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shanks KG, Clark W, Behonick G. Death associated with the use of the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-FUBINACA. J Anal Toxicol. 2016;40:236\u20139.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"584_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1505328","volume":"373","author":"J Trecki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trecki J, Gerona RR, Schwartz MD. Synthetic cannabinoid-related illnesses and deaths. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:103\u20137.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"584_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1100306","volume":"53","author":"JA Tyndall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tyndall JA, Gerona R, De Portu G, Trecki J, Elie MC, Lucas J, et al. An outbreak of acute delirium from exposure to the synthetic cannabinoid AB-CHMINACA. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015;53:950\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"584_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.024","volume":"261","author":"P Adamowicz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Adamowicz P. Fatal intoxication with synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-CHMICA. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;261:e5\u201310.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"584_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bkw004","volume":"40","author":"V Angerer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Angerer V, Franz F, Schwarze B, Moosmann B, Auwarter V. Reply to \u2018sudden cardiac death following use of the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-CHMICA\u2019. J Anal Toxicol. 2016;40:240\u20132.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"584_CR22","unstructured":"EMCDDA. European drug report 2016: trends and developments. 2016. Available at: http:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/system\/files\/publications\/2637\/TDAT16001ENN.pdf ."},{"key":"584_CR23","unstructured":"Kronstrand R, Tyrkko E, Lindstedt M, Roman M, editors. MMB-CHMINACA blood concentrations in recreational users and fatal intoxications. Poster presentation at 53rd The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists meeting 2015; 2015 August 30th to September 4th; Firenze."},{"key":"584_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seywright A, Torrance HJ, Wylie FM, McKeown DA, Lowe DJ, Stevenson R. Analysis and clinical findings of cases positive for the novel synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist MDMB-CHMICA. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2016:1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2016.1186805"},{"key":"584_CR25","first-page":"86","volume":"40","author":"AA Westin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Westin AA, Frost J, Brede WR, Gundersen PO, Einvik S, Aarset H, et al. Sudden cardiac death following use of the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-CHMICA. J Anal Toxicol. 2016;40:86\u20137.","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"584_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2013.793817","volume":"73","author":"A Helander","year":"2013","unstructured":"Helander A, Beck O, H\u00e4gerkvist R, Hult\u00e9n P. Identification of novel psychoactive drug use in Sweden based on laboratory analysis\u2014initial experiences from the STRIDA project. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2013;73:400\u20136.","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"584_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.02.022","volume":"243C","author":"A Helander","year":"2014","unstructured":"Helander A, B\u00e4ckberg M, Hult\u00e9n P, Al-Saffar Y, Beck O. Detection of new psychoactive substance use among emergency room patients: results from the Swedish STRIDA project. Forensic Sci Int. 2014;243C:23\u20139.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"584_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659809028940","volume":"36","author":"HE Persson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Persson HE, Sj\u00f6berg GK, Haines JA, Pronczuk de Garbino J. Poisoning severity score. Grading of acute poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36:205\u201313.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"584_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01400521","volume":"91","author":"JE Starmark","year":"1988","unstructured":"Starmark JE, St\u00e5lhammar D, Holmgren E. The reaction level scale (RLS85). Manual and guidelines. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1988;91:12\u201320.","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"584_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.5.0699","volume":"69","author":"JE Starmark","year":"1988","unstructured":"Starmark JE, St\u00e5lhammar D, Holmgren E, Rosander B. A comparison of the Glasgow coma scale and the reaction level scale (RLS85). J Neurosurg. 1988;69:699\u2013706.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"584_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2013.04.043","volume":"930","author":"Y Al-Saffar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-Saffar Y, Stephanson NN, Beck O. Multicomponent LC-MS\/MS screening method for detection of new psychoactive drugs, legal highs, in urine-experience from the Swedish population. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2013;930:112\u201320.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"584_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2014.981823","volume":"53","author":"M B\u00e4ckberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"B\u00e4ckberg M, Lindeman E, Beck O, Helander A. Characteristics of analytically confirmed 3-MMC-related intoxications from the Swedish STRIDA project. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015;53:46\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"584_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2014.07.026","volume":"100","author":"M Johansson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johansson M, Fransson D, Rundl\u00f6f T, Huynh NH, Arvidsson T. A general analytical platform and strategy in search for illegal drugs. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2014;100:215\u201329.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"584_CR34","unstructured":"F\u00f6rordning om \u00e4ndring i f\u00f6rordningen (1999:58) om f\u00f6rbud mot vissa h\u00e4lsofarliga varor [Regulation of changing the regulation of certain goods hazardous to health]. 2014. Available at: http:\/\/www.notisum.se\/rnp\/sls\/sfs\/20141481.pdf ."},{"key":"584_CR35","unstructured":"EMCDDA. EMCDDA\u2013Europol Joint Report on a new psychoactive substance: methyl 2-[[1-(cyclohexylmethyl)indole-3-carbonyl]amino]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate (MDMB-CHMICA). 2016. Available at: http:\/\/www.emcdda.europa.eu\/system\/files\/publications\/2873\/2016.4528_WEB.pdf ."},{"key":"584_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill SL, Najafi J, Dunn M, Acheampong P, Kamour A, Grundlingh J, et al. Clinical toxicity following analytically confirmed use of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist MDMB-CHMICA. A report from the Identification Of Novel psychoActive substances (IONA) study. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2016;54:638\u201343.","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2016.1190980"},{"key":"584_CR37","unstructured":"Hermanns-Clausen M, M\u00fcller D, Kithinji J, Angerer V, Franz F, Eyer F, et al., editors. Abstract 17; Acute side effects after consumption of the novel synthetic cannabinoids AB-CHMINACA and MDMB-CHMICA. 36th International Congress of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT), Madrid, Spain, 2016. Clinical Toxicology, 54:4, 344\u2013519, DOI: 103109\/1556365020161165952; 2016."},{"key":"584_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamowicz P, Gieron J. Acute intoxication of four individuals following use of the synthetic cannabinoid MAB-CHMINACA. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2016;54:650\u20134.","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2016.1190016"},{"key":"584_CR39","unstructured":"Flashback. Available at: https:\/\/www.flashback.org . Accessed May 2016."},{"key":"584_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abouchedid R, Thurtle N, Yamamoto T, J. H, Bailey G, Hudson S, et al., editors. Abstract 238; Analytical confirmation of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) present in a cohort of presentations with acute recreational drug toxicity to an Emergency Department (ED) in London, UK. 36th International Congress of the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists (EAPCCT), Madrid, Spain, 2016. Clinical Toxicology, 54:4, 344\u2013519, DOI: 103109\/1556365020161165952.","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2016.1165952"},{"key":"584_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04078.x","volume":"108","author":"M Hermanns-Clausen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hermanns-Clausen M, Kneisel S, Szabo B, Auwarter V. Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings. Addiction. 2013;108:534\u201344.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"584_CR42","unstructured":"Drugs-Forum\u2013MDMB-CHMICA. Available at: https:\/\/drugs-forum.com\/forum\/showthread.php?t=253270 . Accessed May 2016."},{"key":"584_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11419-015-0270-0","volume":"33","author":"A Namera","year":"2015","unstructured":"Namera A, Kawamura M, Nakamoto A, Saito T, Nagao M. Comprehensive review of the detection methods for synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones. Forensic Toxicol. 2015;33:175\u201394.","journal-title":"Forensic Toxicol"},{"key":"584_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.248096","volume":"62","author":"S Vikingsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vikingsson S, Green H. Putting designer drugs back in Pandora\u2019s box: analytical challenges and metabolite identification. Clin Chem. 2016;62:4\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"584_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hermanns-Clausen M, Kithinji J, Spehl M, Angerer V, Franz F, Eyer F, et al. Adverse effects after the use of JWH-210\u2014a case series from the EU Spice II plus project. Drug Test Anal 2016.","DOI":"10.1002\/dta.1936"},{"key":"584_CR46","unstructured":"Pfizer patent WO2009106980\u2014Indazole derivatives. 2009. Available at: https:\/\/patentscope.wipo.int\/search\/en\/detail.jsf?docId=WO2009106980&recNum=1&maxRec=&office=&prevFilter=&sortOption=&queryString=&tab=PCTDescription . Accessed May 2016."}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13181-016-0584-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13181-016-0584-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13181-016-0584-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,13]],"date-time":"2019-09-13T16:38:54Z","timestamp":1568392734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13181-016-0584-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]}},"alternative-id":["584"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13181-016-0584-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-9039","1937-6995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-9039","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-6995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]}}}