{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T20:55:17Z","timestamp":1781211317039,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA044874"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA044874"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA047236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA047236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hans and Mavis Lopater Psychosocial Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005564","name":"Gilead Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Med. Toxicol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-019-00756-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T21:02:47Z","timestamp":1578603767000},"page":"195-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Rapid Assessment of Opioid Exposure and Treatment in Cities Through Robotic Collection and Chemical Analysis of Wastewater"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Norkio","family":"Endo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Newsha","family":"Ghaeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Duvallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelyn","family":"Foppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy B","family":"Erickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Matus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0955-4117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter R","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"756_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm675152e1","volume":"67","author":"L Scholl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Scholl L, Seth P, Kariisa M, Wilson N, Baldwin G. Drug and opioid-involved overdose deaths \u2014 United States, 2013\u20132017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019;67:1419\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm675152e1.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"756_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.026","volume":"66","author":"JA Hoppe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoppe JA, Nelson LS, Perrone J, Weiner SG. Prescribing Opioids Safely in the Emergency Department (POSED) Study Investigators, Prescribing Opioids Safely in the Emergency Department POSED Study Investigators. Opioid Prescribing in a cross section of US Emergency Departments. Ann Emerg Med. 2015;66:253\u2013259.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2015.03.026.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"756_CR3","unstructured":"United States Department of Health and Human Services. Strategy to combat opioid abuse, misuse, and overdose. 2018 Aug pp. 1\u20138."},{"key":"756_CR4","volume-title":"The potential of wastewater testing for rapid assessment of opioid abuse (research brief)","author":"A Keshaviah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keshaviah A, Gitlin R, Cattell L, Reeves W, de Vallance J, Thornton C. The potential of wastewater testing for rapid assessment of opioid abuse (research brief). Princeton, NJ: Mathematica Policy Research; 2016."},{"key":"756_CR5","volume-title":"The potential of wastewater testing for public health and safety","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keshaviah A, editor. The potential of wastewater testing for public health and safety. Washington: Mathematica Policy Research; 2017."},{"key":"756_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.06.003","volume":"161","author":"AJ Gushgari","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gushgari AJ, Venkatesan AK, Chen J, Steele JC, Halden RU. Long-term tracking of opioid consumption in two United States cities using wastewater-based epidemiology approach. Water Res. 2019;161:171\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2019.06.003.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"756_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2019.04.016","volume":"6","author":"R Bade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bade R, Ghetia M, Nguyen L, Tscharke BJ, White JM, Gerber C. Simultaneous determination of 24 opioids, stimulants and new psychoactive substances in wastewater. MethodsX. 2019;6:953\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mex.2019.04.016.","journal-title":"MethodsX."},{"key":"756_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matus et al. 24-hour multi-omics analysis of residential sewage reflects human activity and informs public health. bioRxiv. 2019.","DOI":"10.1101\/728022"},{"key":"756_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.11022","volume":"116","author":"E Zuccato","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zuccato E, Chiabrando C, Castiglioni S, Bagnati R, Fanelli R. Estimating community drug abuse by wastewater analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2008;116:1027\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1289\/ehp.11022.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"key":"756_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.01.037","volume":"210","author":"RJ Irvine","year":"2011","unstructured":"Irvine RJ, Kostakis C, Felgate PD, Jaehne EJ, Chen C, White JM. Population drug use in Australia: a wastewater analysis. Forensic Sci Int. 2011;210:69\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.01.037.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"key":"756_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2017.12.025","volume":"1533","author":"I Krizman-Matasic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krizman-Matasic I, Kostanjevecki P, Ahel M, Terzic S. Simultaneous analysis of opioid analgesics and their metabolites in municipal wastewaters and river water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2018;1533:102\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2017.12.025.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"756_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.12.140","volume":"581\u2013582","author":"T Schulze","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schulze T, Ahel M, Ahlheim J, A\u00eft-A\u00efssa S, Brion F, Di Paolo C, et al. Assessment of a novel device for onsite integrative large-volume solid phase extraction of water samples to enable a comprehensive chemical and effect-based analysis. Sci Total Environ. 2017;581\u2013582:350\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.12.140.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"756_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gul W, Gul SW, Stamper B, Godfrey M, ElSohly MA. LC-MS-MS method development and analysis of stimulants, opiates, synthetic opiates, PCP, and benzodiazepines in wastewater. Preponderance of these drugs during football games. Methods Mol biol. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2018;1810: 149\u2013182. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-8579-1_15.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8579-1_15"},{"key":"756_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Celma A, Sancho JV, Salgueiro-Gonz\u00e1lez N, et al. Simultaneous determination of new psychoactive substances and illicit drugs in sewage: potential of micro-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in wastewater-based epidemiology. J Chromatogr A. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.05.051.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.05.051"},{"key":"756_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.10.019","volume":"48","author":"PK Thai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thai PK, Jiang G, Gernjak W, Yuan Z, Lai FY, Mueller JF. Effects of sewer conditions on the degradation of selected illicit drug residues in wastewater. Water Res. 2014;48:538\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2013.10.019.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"756_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3816","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b02755","volume":"51","author":"JW O'Brien","year":"2017","unstructured":"O'Brien JW, Banks APW, Novic AJ, Mueller JF, Jiang G, Ort C, et al. Impact of in-sewer degradation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) population markers on a population model. Environ Sci Technol. 2017;51(7):3816\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.6b02755.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol."},{"key":"756_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcv058","volume":"108","author":"JRH Archer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Archer JRH, Hudson S, Jackson O, Yamamoto T, Lovett C, Lee HM, et al. Analysis of anonymized pooled urine in nine UK cities: variation in classical recreational drug, novel psychoactive substance and anabolic steroid use. QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians. 2015;108:929\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/qjmed\/hcv058.","journal-title":"QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians"},{"key":"756_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6289","DOI":"10.1021\/es100778d","volume":"44","author":"C Ort","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ort C, Lawrence MG, Reungoat J, Mueller JF. Sampling for PPCPs in wastewater systems: comparison of different sampling modes and optimization strategies. Environ Sci Technol. 2010;44:6289\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/es100778d.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"756_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2006.591","volume":"54","author":"C Ort","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ort C, Gujer W. Sampling for representative micropollutant loads in sewer systems. Water Sci Technol. 2006;54:169\u201376.","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"key":"756_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2012.06.014","volume":"48","author":"DR Baker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baker DR, O\u010den\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e1 V, Kvicalova M, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Drugs of abuse in wastewater and suspended particulate matter--further developments in sewage epidemiology. Environ Int. 2012;48:28\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2012.06.014.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"756_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.05.030","volume":"409","author":"ALN van Nuijs","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Nuijs ALN, Castiglioni S, Tarcomnicu I, Postigo C, de Lopez AM, Neels H, et al. Illicit drug consumption estimations derived from wastewater analysis: a critical review. Sci Total Environ. 2011;409:3564\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2010.05.030.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"756_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.09.012","volume":"1218","author":"DR Baker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baker DR, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Critical evaluation of methodology commonly used in sample collection, storage and preparation for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in surface water and wastewater by solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2011;1218:8036\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2011.09.012.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13181-019-00756-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13181-019-00756-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13181-019-00756-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:34:13Z","timestamp":1610066053000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13181-019-00756-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["756"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13181-019-00756-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-9039","1937-6995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-9039","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-6995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 December 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"MM is the CEO and co-founder of Biobot Analytics, Inc. NE, CD, and KF are employees of Biobot Analytics. NG is President and co-founder of Biobot Analytics","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}