{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T19:01:02Z","timestamp":1763665262959,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Med. Toxicol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-023-00963-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T15:02:01Z","timestamp":1692975721000},"page":"374-380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Toxicity and Adverse Effects in Clozapine-Related Presentations to a Medical Toxicology Service in Western Sydney"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5588-3061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pramod","family":"Chandru","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naren","family":"Gunja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"963_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.3371\/CSRP.6.3.5","volume":"6","author":"HY Meltzer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meltzer HY. Clozapine: balancing safety with superior antipsychotic efficacy. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses. 2012;6:134\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses"},{"key":"963_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)90206-8","volume":"2","author":"J Idanpaan-Heikkila","year":"1975","unstructured":"Idanpaan-Heikkila J, Alhava E, Olkinuora M, Palva I. Letter: clozapine and agranulocytosis. Lancet. 1975;2:611.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"963_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2016.10.32322","volume":"18","author":"L Klein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klein L, Bangh S, Cole JB. Intentional recreational abuse of quetiapine compared to other second-generation antipsychotics. West J Emerg Med. 2017;18:243\u201350.","journal-title":"West J Emerg Med"},{"key":"963_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01225229","volume":"106","author":"K Worm","year":"1993","unstructured":"Worm K, Kringsholm B, Steentoft A. Clozapine cases with fatal, toxic or therapeutic concentrations. Int J Legal Med. 1993;106:115\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Legal Med"},{"key":"963_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1185\/03007999709113338","volume":"14","author":"HY Meltzer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Meltzer HY. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia\u2013the role of clozapine. Curr Med Res Opin. 1997;14:1\u201320.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"963_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/pnp.516","volume":"22","author":"A Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharma A. A case for adding fluvoxamine to clozapine. Prog Neurol Psychiatry. 2018;22:15\u20138.","journal-title":"Prog Neurol Psychiatry"},{"key":"963_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1021\/cn400121z","volume":"4","author":"CJ Wenthur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wenthur CJ, Lindsley CW. Classics in chemical neuroscience: clozapine. ACS Chem Neurosci. 2013;4:1018\u201325.","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"963_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S83989","volume":"11","author":"P De Fazio","year":"2015","unstructured":"De Fazio P, Gaetano R, Caroleo M, Cerminara G, Maida F, Bruno A, Muscatello MR, Moreno MJ, Russo E, Segura-Garcia C. Rare and very rare adverse effects of clozapine. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015;11:1995\u20132003.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"963_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1993-3","volume":"18","author":"AE Ferrey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferrey AE, Geulayov G, Casey D, Wells C, Fuller A, Bankhead C, Ness J, Clements C, Gunnell D, Kapur N, Hawton K. Relative toxicity of mood stabilisers and antipsychotics: case fatality and fatal toxicity associated with self-poisoning. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18:399.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"963_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659809028940","volume":"36","author":"HE Persson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Persson HE, Sjoberg GK, Haines JA, Pronczuk de Garbino J. Poisoning severity score. Grading of acute poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36:205\u201313.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"963_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13406","volume":"145","author":"RJ Gurrera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gurrera RJ, Gearin PF, Love J, Li KJ, Xu A, Donaghey FH, Gerace MR. Recognition and management of clozapine adverse effects: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2022;145:423\u201341.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"963_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674211025693","volume":"56","author":"SA Hollingworth","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hollingworth SA, Oliver A, Winckel K, Siskind D. Clozapine use and prevalence in Australia 2016\u20132020. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2022;56:305\u20136.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"963_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.1.82","volume":"60","author":"HY Meltzer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meltzer HY, Alphs L, Green AI, Altamura AC, Anand R, Bertoldi A, Bourgeois M, Chouinard G, Islam MZ, Kane J, et al. Clozapine treatment for suicidality in schizophrenia: International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT). Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:82\u201391.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"963_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650701665142","volume":"45","author":"DJ Cobaugh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cobaugh DJ, Erdman AR, Booze LL, Scharman EJ, Christianson G, Manoguerra AS, Caravati EM, Chyka PA, Woolf AD, Nelson LS, Troutman WG. Atypical antipsychotic medication poisoning: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007;45:918\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"963_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2015.11.006","volume":"26","author":"S Ramos Perdigues","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ramos Perdigues S, Sauras Quecuti R, Mane A, Mann L, Mundell C, Fernandez-Egea E. An observational study of clozapine induced sedation and its pharmacological management. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016;26:156\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"963_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.06.012","volume":"46","author":"RM Nanau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nanau RM, Neuman MG. Adverse drug reactions induced by valproic acid. Clin Biochem. 2013;46:1323\u201338.","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"963_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1159\/000507638","volume":"89","author":"J de Leon","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Leon J, Ruan CJ, Schoretsanitis G, De Las CC. A rational use of clozapine based on adverse drug reactions, pharmacokinetics, and clinical pharmacopsychology. Psychother Psychosom. 2020;89:200\u201314.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"963_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)10385-4","volume":"354","author":"JG Kilian","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kilian JG, Kerr K, Lawrence C, Celermajer DS. Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy associated with clozapine. Lancet. 1999;354:1841\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"963_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02345.x","volume":"190","author":"JJ Layland","year":"2009","unstructured":"Layland JJ, Liew D, Prior DL. Clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity: a clinical update. Med J Aust. 2009;190:190\u20132.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"963_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.3109\/00048674.2011.572852","volume":"45","author":"KJ Ronaldson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ronaldson KJ, Fitzgerald PB, Taylor AJ, Topliss DJ, McNeil JJ. A new monitoring protocol for clozapine-induced myocarditis based on an analysis of 75 cases and 94 controls. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011;45:458\u201365.","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"963_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2022.20.1.194","volume":"20","author":"L Bechard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bechard L, Corbeil O, Thivierge MA, Assaad I, Boulanger C, Mailhot MP, Turgeon-Fournier A, Roy MA, Demers MF. Management of rhabdomyolysis in a patient treated with clozapine: a case report and clinical recommendations. Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2022;20:194\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci"},{"key":"963_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370805301211","volume":"53","author":"J Pui-yin Chung","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pui-yin Chung J, Shiu-yin Chong C, Chung KF, Lai-wah Dunn E, Wai-nang Tang O, Chan WF. The incidence and characteristics of clozapine- induced fever in a local psychiatric unit in Hong Kong. Can J Psychiatry. 2008;53:857\u201362.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"963_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1K126","volume":"41","author":"CM Lowe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lowe CM, Grube RR, Scates AC. Characterization and clinical management of clozapine-induced fever. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41:1700\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"963_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199510000-00010","volume":"15","author":"P Sachdev","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sachdev P, Kruk J, Kneebone M, Kissane D. Clozapine-induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome: review and report of new cases. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995;15:365\u201371.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"963_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.18286","volume":"33","author":"JL Karagianis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Karagianis JL, Phillips LC, Hogan KP, LeDrew KK. Clozapine-associated neuroleptic malignant syndrome: two new cases and a review of the literature. Ann Pharmacother. 1999;33:623\u201330.","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"963_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.4266\/kjccm.2016.00052","volume":"32","author":"YS Jo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jo YS, Jo HA, Yu BC, Shin JH, Oh KH. Clozapine induced neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Korean J Crit Care Med. 2017;32:291\u20134.","journal-title":"Korean J Crit Care Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13181-023-00963-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13181-023-00963-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13181-023-00963-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T14:03:32Z","timestamp":1695737012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13181-023-00963-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["963"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13181-023-00963-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-9039","1937-6995"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1556-9039"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1937-6995"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}}]}}