{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:00:22Z","timestamp":1790949622954,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Med. Toxicol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-026-01152-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:54:20Z","timestamp":1790607260000},"page":"441-447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examining Trends in Early Childhood Lead Exposure Using the National Poison Data System: 2007\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Joseph Meyer","family":"Ebersole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thao-Phuong Christy","family":"Hallett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Kieszak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy Helene","family":"Schnall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2069-0788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"43","key":"1152_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7043a4","volume":"70","author":"PZ Ruckart","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruckart PZ, Jones RL, Courtney JG, et al. Update of the Blood Lead Reference Value - United States, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(43):1509\u201312.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1152_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpem.2017.07.010","volume":"18","author":"M Hauptman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hauptman M, Bruccoleri R, Woolf AD. An Update on Childhood Lead Poisoning. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med. 2017;18(3):181\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr Emerg Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1152_CR3","first-page":"499","volume":"37","author":"GH Heichel","year":"1974","unstructured":"Heichel GH, H L, Botsford R. Lead In Paper: A Potential Source Of Food Contamination. J Food Prot. 1974;37(10):499\u2013503.","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"issue":"8","key":"1152_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650701481862","volume":"46","author":"EC Gorospe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gorospe EC, Gerstenberger SL. Atypical sources of childhood lead poisoning in the United States: a systematic review from 1966\u20132006. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2008;46(8):728\u201337.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"1152_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000000889","volume":"25","author":"T Dignam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dignam T, Kaufmann RB, LeStourgeon L, Brown MJ. Control of Lead Sources in the United States, 1970\u20132017: Public Health Progress and Current Challenges to Eliminating Lead Exposure. J Public Health Manag Pract. 2019;25:S13\u201322. Suppl 1, Lead Poisoning Prevention(Suppl 1 LEAD POISONING PREVENTION).","journal-title":"J Public Health Manag Pract"},{"key":"1152_CR6","unstructured":"Centers for disease control and prevention childhood lead poisoning prevention program. About the Data: Blood Lead Surveillance. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/lead-prevention\/php\/data\/blood-lead-surveillance.html.\u00a0 Accessed 8 Jan 2026."},{"issue":"2","key":"1152_CR7","first-page":"42","volume":"54","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2005","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Elevated blood lead levels in refugee children\u2013New Hampshire, 2003\u20132004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005;54(2):42\u20136.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"RR\u201314","key":"1152_CR8","first-page":"1","volume":"49","author":"Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention","year":"2000","unstructured":"Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention. Recommendations for blood lead screening of young children enrolled in medicaid: targeting a group at high risk. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2000;49(RR\u201314):1\u201313.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"1152_CR9","unstructured":"Centers for medicare and medicaid services. Lead Screening. https:\/\/www.medicaid.gov\/medicaid\/benefits\/early-and-periodic-screening-diagnostic-and-treatment\/lead-screening.\u00a0 Accessed 8 Jan 2026."},{"key":"1152_CR10","unstructured":"Centers for disease control and prevention childhood lead poisoning prevention program. Testing for Lead Poisoning in Children. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/lead-prevention\/testing\/index.html.\u00a0 Accessed 13 Mar 2025."},{"key":"1152_CR11","unstructured":"Calello DP, Henretig FM. Lead. In: Nelson LS, Howland MA, Lewin NA, Smith SW, Goldfrank LR, Hoffman RS, eds. Goldfrank\u2019s Toxicologic Emergencies. 11th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2019."},{"issue":"5","key":"1152_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.152.5.485","volume":"152","author":"E Mowad","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mowad E, Haddad I, Gemmel DJ. Management of lead poisoning from ingested fishing sinkers. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998;152(5):485\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"1152_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105103441902","volume":"344","author":"WJ Rogan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rogan WJ, Dietrich KN, Ware JH, et al. The effect of chelation therapy with succimer on neuopsychological development in children exposed to lead. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(19):1421\u20136.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1152_CR14","unstructured":"Centers for disease control and prevention childhood lead poisoning prevention program. Recommended Actions Based on Blood Lead Level. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/lead-prevention\/hcp\/clinical-guidance\/index.html.\u00a0 Accessed 21 Aug 2025."},{"issue":"5","key":"1152_CR15","first-page":"544","volume":"29","author":"MK Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh MK, Kane JM, Said SJ. Pediatric Lead Chelation Managed During Critical Medication Shortages: Case Report and Literature Review. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2024;29(5):544\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"1152_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2024.2412423","volume":"62","author":"DD Gummin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Beuhler MC, et al. 2023 Annual Report of the National Poison Data System(R) (NPDS) from America\u2019s Poison Centers(R): 41st Annual Report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2024;62(12):793\u20131027.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"key":"1152_CR17","unstructured":"Centers for disease control and prevention childhood lead poisoning prevention program. Childhood Blood Lead Surveillance: National Data. http:\/\/cdc.gov\/lead-prevention\/php\/data\/national-surveillance-data.html.\u00a0 Accessed 23 Sep 2025."},{"key":"1152_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/9781610020237","volume-title":"Bright futures: guidelines for health supervision of infants, children, and adolescents","author":"JF Hagan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hagan JF, Shaw JS, Duncan PM. Bright futures: guidelines for health supervision of infants, children, and adolescents. Fourth ed. ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: Bright Futures\/American Academy of Pediatrics; 2017.","edition":"Fourth"},{"issue":"4","key":"1152_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1179\/2049396715Y.0000000009","volume":"21","author":"L Breeher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Breeher L, Mikulski MA, Czeczok T, Leinenkugel K, Fuortes LJ. A cluster of lead poisoning among consumers of Ayurvedic medicine. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2015;21(4):303\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Occup Environ Health"},{"issue":"46","key":"1152_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6746a2","volume":"67","author":"KA Angelon-Gaetz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Angelon-Gaetz KA, Klaus C, Chaudhry EA, Bean DK. Lead in Spices, Herbal Remedies, and Ceremonial Powders Sampled from Home Investigations for Children with Elevated Blood Lead Levels - North Carolina, 2011\u20132018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2018;67(46):1290\u20134.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13181-026-01152-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13181-026-01152-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13181-026-01152-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:37:53Z","timestamp":1790948273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13181-026-01152-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1152"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13181-026-01152-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1556-9039","1937-6995"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1556-9039","type":"print"},{"value":"1937-6995","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"No artificial intelligence (AI) tools were used in the creation or editing of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"AI","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"CDC Disclaimer","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"America\u2019s Poison Centers\u00ae maintains the National Poison Data System\u00ae (NPDS\u00ae), which houses de-identified records of self-reported information from callers to the country\u2019s Poison Centers (PCs). NPDS\u00ae data do not reflect the entire universe of U.S. exposures and incidences related to any substance(s). Exposures do not necessarily represent a poisoning or overdose and America\u2019s Poison Centers is not able to completely verify the accuracy of every report. NPDS\u00ae data do not necessarily reflect the opinions of America\u2019s Poison Centers.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"America\u2019s Poison Centers Disclaimer","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}}]}}