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Despite being routinely presented in courts, however, model-based evidence often has limited influence on judicial outcomes, undermining its intended role in the courtroom. This paper illustrates this phenomenon and then argues that the dismissal of model-based evidence in court is largely driven by what I call models\u2019 large \u201cattack surface\u201d, which makes model-based evidence particularly vulnerable to challenge in adversarial proceedings. I then show that such dismissal is not without consequences. When model-based evidence is excluded, it is typically replaced by market concentration indices, which are more accessible forms of evidence but also less closely related to the target phenomenon. I conclude by arguing that it is epistemically problematic when courts systematically privilege simpler but less target-relevant sources of evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13194-026-00783-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T05:30:12Z","timestamp":1791783012000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The evidential role of economic models in legal proceedings"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9379-4019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Peruzzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"783_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jebo.2024.01.011","volume":"219","author":"A Albertazzi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albertazzi, A., Ploner, M., & Vaccari, F. 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