{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:32:31Z","timestamp":1777491151575,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["3 Biotech"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-025-04612-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T05:57:57Z","timestamp":1763704677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The neuroprotective role of eucalyptol in a type-2 diabetes induced neuropathy rat model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nida","family":"Naseem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murtaza","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazia","family":"Imam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Nadir","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gul E.","family":"Zehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4502-5653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waseem Ahmad","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"4612_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12605","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c00631","volume":"6","author":"KM Abdullah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdullah KM, Arefeen A, Shamsi A, Alhumaydhi FA, Naseem I (2021) Insight into the in vitro antiglycation and in vivo antidiabetic effects of thiamine: implications of vitamin B1 in controlling diabetes. ACS Omega 6:12605\u201312614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.1c00631","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"12","key":"4612_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life12122111","volume":"12","author":"MF Ahmad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmad MF et al (2022) Naringin attenuates the diabetic neuropathy in STZ-induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats. Life 12(12):2111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/life12122111","journal-title":"Life"},{"issue":"11","key":"4612_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15112552","volume":"15","author":"S Akbar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akbar S et al (2023) Targeting anti-inflammatory pathways to treat diabetes-induced neuropathy by 6-hydroxyflavanone. Nutrients 15(11):2552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu15112552","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"4612_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2024.12648","volume":"28","author":"S Bar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bar S, Kara M (2024) Linalool exerts antioxidant activity in a rat model of diabetes by increasing catalase activity without antihyperglycemic effect. Exp Ther Med 28(3):359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2024.12648","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"4612_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.04.008","volume":"7","author":"R Benoliel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Benoliel R, Tal M, Eliav E (2006) Effects of topiramate on the chronic constriction injury model in the rat. J Pain 7(12):878\u2013883. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.04.008","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"4612_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39511","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.159681","volume":"285","author":"S Bhattacharyya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya S, Dudeja PK, Tobacman JK (2010) Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1-induced inflammation is increased but apoptosis is inhibited by common food additive carrageenan. J Biol Chem 285:39511\u201339522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M110.159681","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"4612_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.019","volume":"184","author":"JS Bhatti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhatti JS et al (2022) Oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and related complications: current therapeutics strategies and future perspectives. Free Radic Biol Med 184:114\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.019","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4612_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18060930","volume":"18","author":"SM Borghi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Borghi SM (2025) Pharmacotherapy of neuropathic pain. Pharmaceuticals 18(6):930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph18060930","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"3","key":"4612_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.08.013","volume":"110","author":"G Burnstock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Burnstock G (2006) Purinergic P2 receptors as targets for novel analgesics. Pharmacol Ther 110(3):433\u2013454. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2005.08.013","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"4612_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1021\/ac303148a","volume":"85","author":"S-J Choi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choi S-J et al (2013) Selective diagnosis of diabetes using Pt-functionalized WO3 hemitube networks as a sensing layer of acetone in exhaled breath. Anal Chem 85:1792\u20131796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ac303148a","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"4612_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"D\u2019Amour FE, Smith DL (1941) A method for determining loss of pain, sensation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 72(1):74\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)03823-6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)03823-6"},{"key":"4612_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.07.012","volume":"333","author":"A Daverey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daverey A, Agrawal SK (2016) Curcumin alleviates oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes. Neuroscience 333:92\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.07.012","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"4612_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S157","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-S302","volume":"32","author":"RA DeFronzo","year":"2009","unstructured":"DeFronzo RA, Tripathy D (2009) Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is the primary defect in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32(2):S157\u2013S163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc09-S302","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"4612_CR14","unstructured":"Di Prima FAF, Bellia A, Inclimona G, Grasso F, Teresa M, Cassaro MN (2012) Antenatally diagnosed congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations (CCAM): research review. J Prenat Med 6(2):22\u201330"},{"key":"4612_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.05.003","volume":"111","author":"SA Eid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eid SA et al (2023) New perspectives in diabetic neuropathy. Neuron 111:2623\u20132641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.05.003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"4612_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00039-8","volume":"98","author":"HK Erichsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Erichsen HK, Blackburn-Munro G (2002) Pharmacological characterisation of the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. Pain 98:151\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00039-8","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4612_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-022-00279-0","author":"L Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao L, Zhang Y, Sterling K, Song W (2022) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and its pharmaceutical potential. Transl Neurodegener. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-022-00279-0","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"key":"4612_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Habig WH, Pabst MJ, Jakoby WB (1974) Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249(22):7130\u20139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)42083-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"4612_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90026-7","volume":"32","author":"K Hargreaves","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hargreaves K, Dubner R, Brown F, Flores C, Joris J (1988) A new and sensitive method for measuring thermal nociception in cutaneous hyperalgesia. Pain 32(1):77\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90026-7","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"4612_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4517","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00588","volume":"15","author":"MN Hassan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hassan MN et al (2024) Exploring cimetidine as a potential therapeutic attenuator against amyloid formation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: spectroscopic and microscopic insights into alpha-synuclein and human insulin. ACS Chem Neurosci 15:4517\u20134532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00588","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"4612_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110604","volume":"773","author":"M Hussain","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hussain M, Hassan MN, Rao W, Siddiqui WA, Khan RH (2025) Differential modulation of human lysozyme aggregation by sugar and derivatives: a biophysical insight. Arch Biochem Biophys 773:110604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abb.2025.110604","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"4612_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.09.015","volume":"241","author":"N Imam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Imam N et al (2025) Taxifolin modulates diabetic neuropathy and inhibits insulin fibrillation: a dual mechanistic insight. Free Radic Biol Med 241:183\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.09.015","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"4612_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-018-0350-x","volume":"17","author":"CAN Ismail","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ismail CAN, Aziz CBA, Suppian R, Long I (2018) Imbalanced oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory markers differentiate the development of diabetic neuropathy variants in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 17:129\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40200-018-0350-x","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"4612_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1185317","author":"Q Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin Q et al (2023) Oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy: role of polyphenols. Front Immunol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1185317","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4612_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1372609","volume":"64","author":"U Juergens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Juergens U (2014) Anti-inflammatory properties of the monoterpene 1.8-cineole: current evidence for co-medication in inflammatory airway diseases. Drug Res (Stuttg) 64(12):638\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1372609","journal-title":"Drug Res (Stuttg)"},{"issue":"5","key":"4612_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-024-01227-5","volume":"28","author":"S Kataria","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kataria S et al (2024) Recent advances in management of neuropathic, nociceptive, and chronic pain: a narrative review with focus on nanomedicine, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and newer therapeutic options. Curr Pain Headache Rep 28(5):321\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11916-024-01227-5","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"4612_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kennedy-Feitosa E et al (2016) Eucalyptol attenuates cigarette smoke-induced acute lung inflammation and oxidative stress in the mouse. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 41:11\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pupt.2016.09.004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2016.09.004"},{"key":"4612_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106190","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22311","volume":"8","author":"DY Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim DY et al (2017) Eucalyptol ameliorates Snail1\/\u03b2-catenin-dependent diabetic disjunction of renal tubular epithelial cells and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Oncotarget 8:106190\u2013106205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.22311","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"4612_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201800302","author":"DY Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim DY, Kang M, Lee E, Kim Y, Oh H, Kang Y (2018) Eucalyptol inhibits advanced glycation end products-induced disruption of podocyte slit junctions by suppressing Rage\u2010Erk\u2010C\u2010Myc signaling pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mnfr.201800302","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"4612_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liao P-C, Bergamini C, Fato R, Pon LA, Pallotti F (2020) Isolation of mitochondria from cells and tissues. 3\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/bs.mcb.2019.10.002","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.mcb.2019.10.002"},{"issue":"4","key":"4612_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-016-0394-3","volume":"39","author":"Y Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li Y, Lai Y, Wang Y, Liu N, Zhang F, Xu P (2016) 1, 8-cineol protect against influenza-virus-induced pneumonia in mice. Inflammation 39(4):1582\u20131593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-016-0394-3","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"4612_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.986443","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y et al (2022) The role of brain derived neurotrophic factor in central nervous system. Front Aging Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.986443","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4612_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-06103-9","volume":"15","author":"WA Lotfy","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lotfy WA, Ali AM, Abdou HM, Ghanem KM (2025) Neuroprotective and probiotic potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AM2 in cognitive impairment. Sci Rep 15(1):20186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-06103-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4612_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x","volume":"47","author":"G Marklund","year":"1974","unstructured":"Marklund G (1974) Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the autoxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem 47(3):469\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"4612_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106518","volume":"122","author":"H Mashayekhi-Sardoo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Sepahi S, Baradaran Rahimi V, Askari VR (2024) Application of Nigella sativa as a functional food in diabetes and related complications: insights on molecular, cellular, and metabolic effects. J Funct Foods 122:106518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jff.2024.106518","journal-title":"J Funct Foods"},{"issue":"1","key":"4612_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-052220-010446","volume":"62","author":"Z Mirzadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mirzadeh Z, Faber CL, Schwartz MW (2022) Central nervous system control of glucose homeostasis: a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 62(1):55\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-052220-010446","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4612_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031094","volume":"26","author":"E M\u0142ynarska","year":"2025","unstructured":"M\u0142ynarska E et al (2025) Type 2 diabetes mellitus: new pathogenetic mechanisms, treatment and the most important complications. Int J Mol Sci 26(3):1094. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26031094","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4612_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00620.x","volume":"209","author":"S Morini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morini S et al (2006) Morphological changes of isolated rat pancreatic islets: a structural, ultrastructural and morphometric study. J Anat 209:381\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00620.x","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"4612_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124760","volume":"242","author":"N Naseem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naseem N, Ahmad MF, Malik S, Khan RH, Siddiqui WA (2023) The potential of Esculin in ameliorating type-2 diabetes mellitus induced neuropathy in Wistar rats and probing its inhibitory mechanism of insulin aggregation. Int J Biol Macromol 242:124760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124760","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4612_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines13030589","volume":"13","author":"Z Nashtahosseini","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nashtahosseini Z et al (2025) Cytokine signaling in diabetic neuropathy: a key player in peripheral nerve damage. Biomedicines 13(3):589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines13030589","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"4612_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12115","volume":"4","author":"N Nishida","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nishida N, Yamagishi S, Mizukami H, Yagihashi S (2013) Impaired nerve fiber regeneration in axotomized peripheral nerves in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Diabetes Investig 4:533\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdi.12115","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"issue":"2","key":"4612_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","volume":"95","author":"H Ohkawa","year":"1979","unstructured":"Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem 95(2):351\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0003-2697(79)90738-3","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"issue":"3","key":"4612_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-012-9901-8","volume":"33","author":"MS Ola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ola MS, Nawaz MI, El-Asrar AA, Abouammoh M, Alhomida AS (2013) Reduced levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the serum of diabetic retinopathy patients and in the retina of diabetic rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 33(3):359\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10571-012-9901-8","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"4612_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13101263","volume":"13","author":"LG Ortega-P\u00e9rez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ortega-P\u00e9rez LG et al (2024) Role of Callistemon citrinus leaf phytosomes against oxidative stress and inflammation in rats fed with a high-fat-fructose diet. Antioxidants 13:1263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13101263","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"4612_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113025","volume":"150","author":"R Pathak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pathak R, Sachan N, Chandra P (2022) Mechanistic approach towards diabetic neuropathy screening techniques and future challenges: a review. Biomed Pharmacother 150:113025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113025","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"4612_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12010204","volume":"12","author":"R Rugnath","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rugnath R, Orzechowicz C, Newell C, Carullo V, Rugnath A (2024) A literature review: the mechanisms and treatment of neuropathic pain\u2014a brief discussion. Biomedicines 12(1):204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12010204","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"4612_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Seol GH, Kim KY (2016) Eucalyptol and its role in chronic diseases. 389\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-41342-6_18","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-41342-6_18"},{"key":"4612_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.01.008","volume":"6","author":"A Singh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Singh A, Raghav A, Shiekh PA, Kumar A (2021) Transplantation of engineered exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells ameliorate diabetic peripheral neuropathy under electrical stimulation. Bioact Mater 6:2231\u20132249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2021.01.008","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"4612_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106010","volume":"188","author":"C-S Sung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sung C-S et al (2025) Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Dihydroaustrasulfone alcohol in alleviating peripheral neuropathy via Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway in rats. Neurochem Int 188:106010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2025.106010","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"4612_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117777","volume":"254","author":"SV Suryavanshi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suryavanshi SV, Kulkarni YA (2020) Escin alleviates peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats. Life Sci 254:117777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117777","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4612_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01328-5","volume":"21","author":"W Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang W et al (2023) Neuron-targeted overexpression of caveolin-1 alleviates diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction via regulating mitochondrial fission-mitophagy axis. Cell Commun Signal 21(1):357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-023-01328-5","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"4612_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Slaoui M, Bauchet A-L, Fiette L (2017) Tissue sampling and processing for histopathology evaluation. 101\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4939-7172-5_4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7172-5_4"},{"key":"4612_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094271","volume":"26","author":"C Toader","year":"2025","unstructured":"Toader C et al (2025) From synaptic plasticity to neurodegeneration: BDNF as a transformative target in medicine. Int J Mol Sci 26:4271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26094271","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4612_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2019.09.004","volume":"11","author":"M Wankeu-Nya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wankeu-Nya M, Florea A, B\u00e2lici \u015e, Matei H, Watcho P, Kamanyi A (2021) Cytoarchitectural improvement in Leydig cells of diabetic rats after treatment with aqueous and ethanol extracts of Dracaena arborea (Dracaenaceae). J Tradit Complement Med 11(1):1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtcme.2019.09.004","journal-title":"J Tradit Complement Med"},{"key":"4612_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wardani G, Nugraha J, Mustafa MR, Sudjarwo SA (2022) Antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activity of fucoidan nanoparticles against nephropathy of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats, evidence-based complement. Altern Med 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3405871","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3405871"},{"key":"4612_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.748193","author":"T Xue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xue T et al (2021) Advances about immunoinflammatory pathogenesis and treatment in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Front Pharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.748193","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4612_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02175-1","volume":"10","author":"Y Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang Y et al (2025) Diabetic neuropathy: cutting-edge research and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 10(1):132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-025-02175-1","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"4612_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14967","volume":"177","author":"C Yin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yin C et al (2020) Eucalyptol alleviates inflammation and pain responses in a mouse model of gout arthritis. Br J Pharmacol 177(9):2042\u20132057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.14967","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4612_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38210-w","volume":"13","author":"W You","year":"2023","unstructured":"You W et al (2023) Stressed neuronal cells can recover from profound membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation and mitochondrial fragmentation, but not from cytochrome c release. Sci Rep 13(1):11045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-38210-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4612_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1265372","author":"J Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu J et al (2024) Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1265372","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"}],"container-title":["3 Biotech"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13205-025-04612-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13205-025-04612-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13205-025-04612-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T08:11:21Z","timestamp":1766391081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13205-025-04612-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13205-025-04612-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-572X","2190-5738"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-572X","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-5738","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest associated with this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"421"}}