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This study quantitatively evaluates the therapeutic potential of conditioned medium (CM) derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in an elastase-injured human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) model. We systematically varied seeding densities (2000, 5000, and 10,000 cells\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and serum conditions to optimize the SC-SMC secretome for vascular repair. Our results indicate that neither BM-SMC nor AD-SMC CM significantly enhanced lysyl oxidase (LOX) activity. In fact, serum-supplemented BM-SMC CM significantly suppressed LOX activity at seeding densities of 2000 cells\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (p\u2009=\u20090.0378) and 10,000 cells\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    (p\u2009=\u20090.0080) compared to injured untreated controls. High-density AD-SMC CM (10,000 cells\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) also resulted in a significant decrease in elastin levels (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In addition, serum presence was critical for maintaining the reparative phenotype. Serum-free (SF) conditions for both cell sources led to widespread, statistically significant reductions (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) in key repair and inflammatory biomarkers, including PDGF-AA, Leptin, Lipocalin-2, Osteopontin, RBP4, MMP-1, and IL-6. IL-11 emerged as a primary discriminatory biomarker, showing significant differences between BM and AD treatments at high seeding densities, with both sources causing a significant decrease (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) compared to injured untreated controls. These findings demonstrate that seeding density and serum conditions are critical variables that quantitatively modulate the efficacy of SC-SMC-CM. The study highlights that BM-SMC-derived CM offers a more stable platform for elastin maintenance under serum-free conditions, providing a foundation for developing tailored, cell-free regenerative therapies for cardiovascular disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13239-026-00853-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T15:05:39Z","timestamp":1785855939000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Human Stem Cell Conditioned Medium and Culture Conditions on Alleviating Elastase-Compromised Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Function"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Christofer S.","family":"Baldwin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nickolas","family":"Gustavison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Almodovar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0544-413X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raj R.","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"853_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.596702","volume":"9","author":"K Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, K., X. 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