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Moreover, some parasitic diseases are still endemic in certain European regions, and immunocompromised individuals also pose a higher risk of developing these conditions. This article reviews and summarises the imaging findings of some of the most important and frequent human parasitic diseases, including information about the parasite\u2019s life cycle, pathophysiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment. We include malaria, amoebiasis, toxoplasmosis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, echinococcosis, cysticercosis, clonorchiasis, schistosomiasis, fascioliasis, ascariasis, anisakiasis, dracunculiasis, and strongyloidiasis. The aim of this review is to help radiologists when dealing with these diseases or in cases where they are suspected.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:italic>Teaching Points<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Incidence of parasitic diseases is increasing due to migratory movements and travelling.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Some parasitic diseases are still endemic in certain regions in Europe.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Parasitic diseases can have complex life cycles often involving different hosts.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential for patient management in parasitic diseases.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022 <jats:italic>Radiologists should be able to recognise and suspect the most relevant parasitic diseases.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-016-0525-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]],"date-time":"2016-11-23T14:18:50Z","timestamp":1479910730000},"page":"101-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Unexpected hosts: imaging parasitic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Rodr\u00edguez Carnero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Mart\u00edn-Garre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Garc\u00eda P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lourdes","family":"del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"525_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez P, Rodr\u00edguez Carnero P, Mart\u00edn Garre S (2013) Unexpected hosts: imaging parasitic diseases. doi:10.1594\/ecr2013\/C-2165","DOI":"10.1594\/ecr2013\/C-2165"},{"key":"525_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-016-0134-z","volume":"16","author":"Y Nogami","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nogami Y, Fujii-Nishimura Y, Banno K, Suzuki A, Susumu N, Hibi T et al (2016) Anisakiasis mimics cancer recurrence: two cases of extragastrointestinal anisakiasis suspected to be recurrence of gynecological cancer on PET-CT and molecular biological investigation. 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