{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:43:12Z","timestamp":1773621792242,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys Eng Sci Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-020-00937-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]],"date-time":"2020-10-14T16:03:53Z","timestamp":1602691433000},"page":"1339-1347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Time series and fractal analyses of wheezing: a novel approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"M. S.","family":"Swapna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Renjini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vimal","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sreejyothi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5374-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Sankararaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"937_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1302901","volume":"370","author":"A Bohadana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bohadana A, Izbicki G, Kraman SS (2014) Fundamentals of lung auscultation. N Engl J Med 370:744\u2013751","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"937_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fard PJM, Moradi MH, Saber S (2014) Behaviour of healthy and non-healthy lung sound. In: 2014 22nd Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE). IEEE, pp 1985\u20131989","DOI":"10.1109\/IranianCEE.2014.6999868"},{"key":"937_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.160831","volume":"10","author":"M Sarkar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sarkar M, Madabhavi I, Niranjan N, Dogra M (2015) Auscultation of the respiratory system. Ann Thorac Med 10:158","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"937_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-014-0316-3","volume":"38","author":"P Jafari Moghadam Fard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jafari Moghadam Fard P, Moradi MH, Saber S (2015) Chaos to randomness: distinguishing between healthy and non-healthy lung sound behaviour. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 38:47\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-014-0316-3","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"937_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raj V, Renjini A, Swapna MS, et al (2020) Nonlinear time series and principal component analysis: A potential diagnostic tool for COVID-19 auscultation. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 110246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.110246"},{"key":"937_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-011-0105-1","volume":"34","author":"B-Y Lu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lu B-Y, Wu H-D, Shih S-R et al (2011) Combination of frequency and amplitude-modulated model for the synthesis of normal and wheezing sounds. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 34:449\u2013457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-011-0105-1","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"937_CR7","first-page":"354","volume":"75","author":"BJ West","year":"1987","unstructured":"West BJ, Goldberger AL (1987) Physiology in fractal dimensions. Am Sci 75:354\u2013365","journal-title":"Am Sci"},{"key":"937_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043113","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5145141","volume":"30","author":"V Raj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raj V, Swapna MS, Satheesh Kumar K, Sankararaman S (2020) Temporal evolution of sample entropy in thermal lens system. Chaos 30:043113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.5145141","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"937_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1063\/1.166424","volume":"9","author":"R Hegger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hegger R, Kantz H, Schreiber T (1999) Practical implementation of nonlinear time series methods: The TISEAN package. Chaos 9:413\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.166424","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"937_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.164720","volume":"212","author":"V Raj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raj V, Swapna MS, Kumar KS, Sankararaman S (2020) Time series analysis of duty cycle induced randomness in thermal lens system. Optik (Stuttg) 212:164720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijleo.2020.164720","journal-title":"Optik (Stuttg)"},{"key":"937_CR11","unstructured":"EMTprep. https:\/\/emtprep.com\/free-training\/video\/lung-sounds-collection. Accessed 4 Apr 2020"},{"key":"937_CR12","unstructured":"Medscape. https:\/\/emedicine.medscape.com\/article\/1894146-overview#a3. Accessed 5 Apr 2020"},{"key":"937_CR13","unstructured":"Medzcool. https:\/\/www.medzcool.com\/. Accessed 3 Apr 2020"},{"key":"937_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rocha BM, Filos D, Mendes L, et al (2017) \u0391 respiratory sound database for the development of automated classification. In: International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics. Springer, pp 33\u201337","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7419-6_6"},{"key":"937_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2007.09.006","volume":"38","author":"SM Debbal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Debbal SM (2008) Computerized heart sounds analysis. Comput Biol Med 38:263\u2013280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2007.09.006","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"937_CR16","volume-title":"Wavelet transforms: introduction to theory and applications","author":"RM Rao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rao RM (1998) Wavelet transforms: introduction to theory and applications. Pearson Education India, Delhi"},{"key":"937_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2789(97)00118-8","volume":"110","author":"L Cao","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cao L (1997) Practical method for determining the minimum embedding dimension of a scalar time series. Physica D 110:43\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-2789(97)00118-8","journal-title":"Physica D"},{"key":"937_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H2039","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H2039","volume":"278","author":"JS Richman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Richman JS, Moorman JR (2000) Physiological time-series analysis using approximate entropy and sample entropy. Am J Physiol Circ Physiol 278:H2039\u2013H2049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.6.H2039","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Circ Physiol"},{"key":"937_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomethods\/bpz016","author":"C Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen C, Sun S, Cao Z et al (2019) A comprehensive comparison and overview of R packages for calculating sample entropy. Biol Methods Protoc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biomethods\/bpz016","journal-title":"Biol Methods Protoc"},{"key":"937_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3233\/BME-181023","volume":"29","author":"MS Swapna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Swapna MS, Shinker SS, Suresh S, Sankararaman S (2018) Raman spectroscopic and fractal analysis of blood samples of dengue fever patients. Biomed Mater Eng 29:787\u2013797. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/BME-181023","journal-title":"Biomed Mater Eng"},{"key":"937_CR21","first-page":"77","volume":"11","author":"NCK Walker","year":"1996","unstructured":"Walker NCK (1996) Fractals in the biological sciences. Coenoses 11:77\u2013100","journal-title":"Coenoses"},{"key":"937_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360-019-00061-8","volume":"135","author":"MNS Swapna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swapna MNS, Sreejyothi S, Sankararaman S (2020) Investigation of fractality and variation of fractal dimension in germinating seed. Eur Phys J Plus 135:38","journal-title":"Eur Phys J Plus"},{"key":"937_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12648-019-01400-2","author":"V Raj","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raj V, Swapna MS, Soumya S, Sankararaman S (2019) Fractal study on Saraswati supercluster. Indian J Phys. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12648-019-01400-2","journal-title":"Indian J Phys"},{"key":"937_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150202","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2015.0202","volume":"374","author":"IT Jolliffe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jolliffe IT, Cadima J (2016) Principal component analysis: a review and recent developments. Philos Trans R Soc A 374:20150202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsta.2015.0202","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc A"},{"key":"937_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2009000700013","volume":"42","author":"RJ Riella","year":"2009","unstructured":"Riella RJ, Nohama P, Maia JM (2009) Method for automatic detection of wheezing in lung sounds. Brazilian J Med Biol Res 42:674\u2013684","journal-title":"Brazilian J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"937_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08111942","volume":"8","author":"N Meslier","year":"1995","unstructured":"Meslier N, Charbonneau G, Racineux JL (1995) Wheezes. Eur Respir J 8:1942\u20131948","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"937_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(80)90365-6","volume":"13","author":"JB Grotberg","year":"1980","unstructured":"Grotberg JB, Davis SH (1980) Fluid-dynamic flapping of a collapsible channel: sound generation and flow limitation. J Biomech 13:219\u2013230","journal-title":"J Biomech"}],"container-title":["Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13246-020-00937-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13246-020-00937-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13246-020-00937-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T02:27:06Z","timestamp":1744079226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13246-020-00937-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["937"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-020-00937-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-4729","2662-4737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-4729","type":"print"},{"value":"2662-4737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable as the data used in the present study is a secondary data from open sources, cited as references in the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Research involving human and\/or animals rights"}},{"value":"Not applicable as the data used in the present study is a secondary data from open sources, cited as references in the manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}