{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T11:26:50Z","timestamp":1769858810270,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Major Project of the Science and Technology Ministry in China","award":["2020YFB0204500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB0204500"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014718","name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62271297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62271297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014718","name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61672021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61672021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014718","name":"Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61872227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61872227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys Eng Sci Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-022-01185-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T10:02:40Z","timestamp":1666605760000},"page":"1175-1181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["ACTNet: asymmetric convolutional transformer network for diabetic foot ulcers classification"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Lingmei","family":"Ai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuoyu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1185_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.5.855","volume":"21","author":"DG Armstrong","year":"1998","unstructured":"Armstrong DG, Lavery LA, Harkless LB (1998) Validation of a diabetic wound classification system. the contribution of depth, infection, and ischemia to risk of amputation. Diabetes Care 21(5):855\u2013859","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1185_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1615439","volume":"376","author":"JR Ingelfinger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ingelfinger JR, Armstrong DG, Boulton A et al (2017) Diabetic foot ulcers and their recurrence. N Engl J Med 376:2367\u20132375","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1185_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2367","volume":"31","author":"P Ince","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ince P, Abbas ZG, Lutale JK, Basit A, Ali SM, Chohan F, Morbach S, Mollenberg J, Game FL, Jeffcoate WJ (2008) Use of the SINBAD classification system and score in comparing outcome of foot ulcer management on three continents. Diabetes Care 31(5):964\u2013967","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"1185_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(96)80125-6","volume":"35","author":"LA Lavery","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Harkless LB (1996) Classification of diabetic foot wounds. J Foot Ankle Surg 35(6):528\u201331","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1185_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19870101-28","volume":"10","author":"FW Wagner","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wagner FW (1987) The diabetic foot. Orthopedics 10(1):163\u2013172","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"9498","key":"1185_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67698-2","volume":"366","author":"J Andrew","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andrew J, Gunne R, Jan A (2005) The global burden of diabetic foot disease. Lancet 366(9498):1719\u20131724","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1185_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-003-0010-4","volume":"3","author":"NC Schaper","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schaper NC, Apelqvist J, Bakker K (2003) The international consensus and practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot. Curr Diabetes Rep 3(6):475\u2013479","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1185_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70112-8","volume":"2","author":"PZ Zimmet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zimmet PZ, Magliano DJ, Herman WH et al (2014) Diabetes: a 21st century challenge. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2(1):56\u201364","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"1185_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s40846-021-00612-4","volume":"41","author":"D Das","year":"2021","unstructured":"Das D, Mahanta LB (2021) A comparative assessment of different approaches of segmentation and classification methods on childhood medulloblastoma images. J Med Biol Eng 41:379\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40846-021-00612-4","journal-title":"J Med Biol Eng"},{"key":"1185_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s40846-022-00686-8","volume":"42","author":"P Muruganantham","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muruganantham P, Balakrishnan SM (2022) Attention aware deep learning model for wireless capsule endoscopy lesion classification and localization. J Med Biol Eng 42:157\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40846-022-00686-8","journal-title":"J Med Biol Eng"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"1185_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C15","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.3.C15","volume":"21","author":"F Vinicor","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vinicor F (1998) The public health burden of diabetes and the reality of limits. Diabetes Care 21(Suppl 3):C15\u2013C18","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1185_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s40846-021-00631-1","volume":"41","author":"AM Alqudah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alqudah AM, Qazan S, Masad IS (2021) Artificial intelligence framework for efficient detection and classification of pneumonia using chest radiography images. J Med Biol Eng 41:599\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40846-021-00631-1","journal-title":"J Med Biol Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"1185_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2018.2866254","volume":"4","author":"M Goyal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goyal M, Reeves ND, Davison AK et al (2020) Dfunet: convolutional neural networks for diabetic foot ulcer classification. IEEE Trans Emerg Top Comput Intell 4(5):728\u2013739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TETCI.2018.2866254","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Emerg Top Comput Intell"},{"issue":"21","key":"1185_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15655","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-07820-w","volume":"79","author":"L Alzubaidi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alzubaidi L, Fadhel MA, Oleiwi SR et al (2020) Dfu_qutnet: diabetic foot ulcer classification using novel deep convolutional neural network. Multimed Tools Appl 79(21):15655\u201315677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-019-07820-w","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"1185_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"G\u00fcley O, Pati S, Bakas S (2022) Classification of infection and ischemia in diabetic foot ulcers using vgg architectures. In: Yap MH, Cassidy B, Kendrick C (eds) Diabetic foot ulcers grand challenge, vol 13183. Springer, pp 76\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-94907-5_6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94907-5_6"},{"key":"1185_CR16","unstructured":"Simonyan K, Zisserman A (2015) Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. In: International Conference on Learning Representations"},{"issue":"105","key":"1185_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.105055","volume":"140","author":"A Ag","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ag A, Re B, Afha A et al (2021) Diabetic foot ulcer classification using mapped binary patterns and convolutional neural networks. Comput Biol Med 140(105):055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.105055","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"1185_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qayyum A, Benzinou A, Mazher M, et\u00a0al (2022) Efficient multi-model vision transformer based on feature fusion for classification of dfuc2021 challenge. In: Yap MH, Cassidy B, Kendrick C (eds) Diabetic foot ulcers grand challenge, vol 13183. Springer, Cham, pp 62\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-94907-5_5","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-94907-5_5"},{"key":"1185_CR19","unstructured":"Dosovitskiy A, Beyer L, Kolesnikov A, et\u00a0al (2021) An image is worth 16x16 words: transformers for image recognition at scale. In: International Conference on Learning Representations"},{"key":"1185_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jia D, Wei D, Socher R, et\u00a0al (2009) Imagenet: A large-scale hierarchical image database. In: 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp 248\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"1185_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaderberg M, Vedaldi A, Zisserman A (2014) Speeding up convolutional neural networks with low rank expansions. In: British Machine Vision Conference","DOI":"10.5244\/C.28.88"},{"issue":"4","key":"1185_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2018.2868656","volume":"23","author":"M Goyal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goyal M, Reeves ND, Rajbhandari S et al (2019) Robust methods for real-time diabetic foot ulcer detection and localization on mobile devices. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 23(4):1730\u20131741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JBHI.2018.2868656","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"issue":"103","key":"1185_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.103616","volume":"117","author":"M Goyal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goyal M, Reeves ND, Rajbhandari S et al (2020) Recognition of ischaemia and infection in diabetic foot ulcers: dataset and techniques. Comput Biol Med 117(103):616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2020.103616","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"1185_CR24","unstructured":"Hassani A, Walton S, Shah N et\u00a0al (2021) Escaping the big data paradigm with compact transformers. In: CVPR LLID Workshop 2021. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/2104.05704.pdf"},{"key":"1185_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yap MH, Cassidy B, Pappachan JM, et\u00a0al (2021) Analysis towards classification of infection and ischaemia of diabetic foot ulcers. In: 2021 IEEE EMBS International Conference on Biomedical and Health Informatics (BHI), pp 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BHI50953.2021.9508563","DOI":"10.1109\/BHI50953.2021.9508563"},{"issue":"1","key":"1185_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.17925\/EE.2021.17.1.5","volume":"1","author":"B Cassidy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cassidy B, Reeves ND, Pappachan JM et al (2021) The dfuc 2020 dataset: analysis towards diabetic foot ulcer detection. Eur Endocrinol 1(1):5","journal-title":"Eur Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13246-022-01185-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13246-022-01185-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13246-022-01185-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,13]],"date-time":"2022-12-13T10:37:09Z","timestamp":1670927829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13246-022-01185-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-022-01185-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-4729","2662-4737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-4729","type":"print"},{"value":"2662-4737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}