{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T10:11:49Z","timestamp":1787998309943,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007613","name":"Ankara Universitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TSA-2023-2716"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TSA-2023-2716"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys Eng Sci Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-024-01500-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T08:47:58Z","timestamp":1733734078000},"page":"155-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Production of heterogenous bone radiopacity phantom using 3D printing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9756-8265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyide Tugce","family":"Gokdeniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3436-0464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arda","family":"Buyuksungur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8872-1897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Eray","family":"Kolsuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1500_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-023-01374-w","author":"G Mukwada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mukwada G, Hirst A, Rowshanfarzad P, Ebert MA (2024) Development of a 3D printed phantom for commissioning and quality assurance of multiple brain targets stereotactic radiosurgery. Phys Eng Sci Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-023-01374-w","journal-title":"Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1500_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.12.017","volume":"159","author":"N Martelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Martelli N, Serrano C, van den Brink H, Pineau J, Prognon P, Borget I et al (2016) Advantages and disadvantages of 3-dimensional printing in surgery: a systematic review. Surgery 159(6):1485\u20131500","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"1500_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Turek P, Budzik G, Przesz\u0142owski \u0141 (2020) Assessing the Radiological density and accuracy of Mandible Polymer Anatomical structures Manufactured using 3D Printing technologies. Polym (Basel) 12(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym12112444","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12112444"},{"key":"1500_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jusufbegovi\u0107 M, Pand\u017ei\u0107 A, \u0160ehi\u0107 A, Julard\u017eija F, Vegar-Zubovi\u0107 S, Beganovi\u0107 A (2022) Computed tomography tissue equivalence of 3D printing materials. Radiography 28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.radi.2022.02.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2022.02.008"},{"issue":"9","key":"1500_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e740","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.13058","volume":"45","author":"V Filippou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Filippou V, Tsoumpas C (2018) Recent advances on the development of phantoms using 3D printing for imaging with CT, MRI, PET, SPECT, and ultrasound. Med Phys 45(9):e740\u2013e760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.13058","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"23","key":"1500_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23TR01","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/abc5c8","volume":"65","author":"CK McGarry","year":"2020","unstructured":"McGarry CK, Grattan LJ, Ivory AM, Leek F, Liney GP, Liu Y et al (2020) Tissue mimicking materials for imaging and therapy phantoms: a review. Phys Med Biol 65(23):23TR01","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1500_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-020-00358-6","volume":"33","author":"M O\u2019Reilly","year":"2020","unstructured":"O\u2019Reilly M, Hoff M, Friedman SD, Jones JF, Cross NM (2020) Simulating tissues with 3D-printed and castable materials. J Digit Imaging 33:1280\u20131291","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"1500_CR8","first-page":"171","volume":"10","author":"M Vukicevic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vukicevic M, Mosadegh B, Min JK, Little SH (2017) Cardiac 3D printing and its future directions. JACC: Cardiovasc Imaging 10(2):171\u2013184","journal-title":"JACC: Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"1500_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-023-01318-4","volume":"46","author":"S Crowe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crowe S, Maxwell S, Brar H, Yu L, Kairn T (2023) Use of light-weight foaming polylactic acid as a lung-equivalent material in 3D printed phantoms. Phys Eng Sci Med 46(4):1811\u20131817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-023-01318-4","journal-title":"Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"1500_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1007\/s11465-019-0526-1","volume":"14","author":"X Niu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niu X, Singh S, Garg A, Singh H, Panda B, Peng X et al (2019) Review of materials used in laser-aided additive manufacturing processes to produce metallic products. Front Mech Eng 14:282\u2013298","journal-title":"Front Mech Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"1500_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.14314\/polimery.2017.044","volume":"62","author":"T Dziubek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dziubek T, Oleksy M (2017) Application of ATOS II optical system in the techniques of rapid prototyping of epoxy resin-based gear models\/Zastosowanie systemu optycznego ATOS II w technikach szybkiego prototypowania modeli kol zebatych otrzymywanych na bazie zywicy epoksydowej. Polimery 62(1):44\u201353","journal-title":"Polimery"},{"issue":"6","key":"1500_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201400097","volume":"16","author":"N Travitzky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Travitzky N, Bonet A, Dermeik B, Fey T, Filbert-Demut I, Schlier L et al (2014) Additive manufacturing of ceramic\u2010based materials. Adv Eng Mater 16(6):729\u2013754","journal-title":"Adv Eng Mater"},{"key":"1500_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compstruct.2017.08.088","volume":"182","author":"P Parandoush","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parandoush P, Lin D (2017) A review on additive manufacturing of polymer-fiber composites. Compos Struct 182:36\u201353","journal-title":"Compos Struct"},{"issue":"9","key":"1500_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12091946","volume":"12","author":"H Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00ednez H, \u00c1vila-Navarro E, Torregrosa-Penalva G, Rodr\u00edguez-Mart\u00ednez A, Blanco-Angulo C, de la Casa-Lillo MA (2020) Low-cost additive manufacturing techniques applied to the design of planar microwave circuits by fused deposition modeling. Polymers 12(9):1946","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"6","key":"1500_CR15","first-page":"40","volume":"23","author":"B Chadwick","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chadwick B, Toto C (2001) Radiolucent structural materials for medical applications. Med Device Diagn Ind 23(6):40\u201348","journal-title":"Med Device Diagn Ind"},{"issue":"1","key":"1500_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200323","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20200323","volume":"51","author":"SR Badiuk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badiuk SR, Sasaki DK, Rickey DW (2022) An anthropomorphic maxillofacial phantom using 3-dimensional printing, polyurethane rubber and epoxy resin for dental imaging and dosimetry. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol 51(1):20200323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr.20200323","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofacial Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1500_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3390\/s17030459","volume":"17","author":"J Ceh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ceh J, Youd T, Mastrovich Z, Peterson C, Khan S, Sasser TA et al (2017) Bismuth infusion of ABS enables additive manufacturing of complex radiological phantoms and shielding equipment. Sensors 17(3):459","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"2","key":"1500_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12278","volume":"19","author":"BA Hamedani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamedani BA, Melvin A, Vaheesan K, Gadani S, Pereira K, Hall AF (2018) Three-dimensional printing CT\u2010derived objects with controllable radiopacity. J Appl Clin Med Phys 19(2):317\u2013328","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"1500_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-023-01233-8","volume":"46","author":"S How","year":"2023","unstructured":"How S, Banjade D, Crowe S, Dillon G, Skimmings A (2023) An anthropomorphic 3D printed inhomogeneity thorax phantom slab for SBRT commissioning and quality assurance. Phys Eng Sci Med 46(2):575\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-023-01233-8","journal-title":"Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"1500_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2022.102695","volume":"52","author":"CJ Darling","year":"2022","unstructured":"Darling CJ, Curtis C, Sciacca BJ, Sarkar K, Smith DA (2022) Fused filament fabrication of complex anatomical phantoms with infill-tunable image contrast. Additive Manuf 52:102695","journal-title":"Additive Manuf"},{"issue":"10","key":"1500_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10NT02","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab8078","volume":"65","author":"G Price","year":"2020","unstructured":"Price G, Biglin ER, Collins S, Aitkinhead A, Subiel A, Chadwick AL et al (2020) An open source heterogeneous 3D printed mouse phantom utilising a novel bone representative thermoplastic. Phys Med Biol 65(10):10NT02","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1500_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.12278","volume":"19","author":"BA Hamedani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamedani BA, Melvin A, Vaheesan K, Gadani S, Pereira K, Hall AF (2018) Three-dimensional printing CT-derived objects with controllable radiopacity. J Appl Clin Med Phys 19(2):317\u2013328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.12278","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"key":"1500_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00385","volume":"8","author":"S Hatamikia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hatamikia S, Oberoi G, Unger E, Kronreif G, Kettenbach J, Buschmann M et al (2020) Additively manufactured patient-specific anthropomorphic thorax phantom with realistic radiation attenuation properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 8:385","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1500_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.14127","volume":"47","author":"RB Holmes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Holmes RB, Negus IS, Wiltshire SJ, Thorne GC, Young P, Initiative ADN (2020) Creation of an anthropomorphic CT head phantom for verification of image segmentation. Med Phys 47(6):2380\u20132391","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"2","key":"1500_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4939874","volume":"43","author":"NI Niebuhr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niebuhr NI, Johnen W, G\u00fcldaglar T, Runz A, Echner G, Mann P et al (2016) Radiological properties of tissue surrogates used in a multimodality deformable pelvic phantom for MR-guided radiotherapy. Med Phys 43(2):908\u2013916","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"4","key":"1500_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04NT5","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/aafd5f","volume":"64","author":"N Niebuhr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niebuhr N, Johnen W, Echner G, Runz A, Bach M, Stoll M et al (2019) The ADAM-pelvis phantom\u2014an anthropomorphic, deformable and multimodal phantom for MRgRT. Phys Med Biol 64(4):04NT5","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1500_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4939874","volume":"43","author":"NI Niebuhr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Niebuhr NI, Johnen W, G\u00fcldaglar T, Runz A, Echner G, Mann P et al (2016) Technical note: Radiological properties of tissue surrogates used in a multimodality deformable pelvic phantom for MR-guided radiotherapy. Med Phys 43(2):908\u2013916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.4939874","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"1500_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpsur.2011.12.009","volume":"30","author":"L Bayliss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bayliss L, Mahoney D, Monk A (2012) Normal bone physiology, remodelling and its hormonal regulation. Surg (Oxford) 30:47\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mpsur.2011.12.009","journal-title":"Surg (Oxford)"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"1500_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S131","DOI":"10.2215\/cjn.04151206","volume":"3","author":"B Clarke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Clarke B (2008) Normal bone anatomy and physiology. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 3(Suppl 3):S131\u2013S139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/cjn.04151206","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"38","key":"1500_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26967","DOI":"10.1039\/d3ra04360f","volume":"13","author":"MM Bahir","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bahir MM, Rajendran A, Pattanayak D, Lenka N (2023) Fabrication and characterization of ceramic-polymer composite 3D scaffolds and demonstration of osteoinductive propensity with gingival mesenchymal stem cells. RSC Adv 13(38):26967\u201326982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d3ra04360f","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"1500_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shannon A, O\u2019Connell A, O\u2019Sullivan A, Byrne M, Clifford S, O\u2019Sullivan KJ et al (2020) A Radiopaque nanoparticle-based ink using PolyJet 3D Printing for Medical Applications. 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing. 7(6):259\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/3dp.2019.0160","DOI":"10.1089\/3dp.2019.0160"},{"issue":"1","key":"1500_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034510378429","volume":"90","author":"W Zou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zou W, Hunter N, Swain MV (2011) Application of polychromatic \u00b5CT for mineral density determination. J Dent Res 90(1):18\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034510378429","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1500_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2007.06.001","volume":"35","author":"TT Huang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang TT, Jones AS, He LH, Darendeliler MA, Swain MV (2007) Characterisation of enamel white spot lesions using X-ray micro-tomography. J Dent 35(9):737\u2013743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2007.06.001","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"1500_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-019-00527-5","volume":"12","author":"N Kadoya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kadoya N, Abe K, Nemoto H, Sato K, Ieko Y, Ito K et al (2019) Evaluation of a 3D-printed heterogeneous anthropomorphic head and neck phantom for patient-specific quality assurance in intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Radiol Phys Technol 12(3):351\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12194-019-00527-5","journal-title":"Radiol Phys Technol"},{"key":"1500_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radphyschem.2020.108906","volume":"174","author":"M Savi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Savi M, Andrade MA, Potiens MP (2020) Commercial filament testing for use in 3D printed phantoms. Radiat Phys Chem 174:108906","journal-title":"Radiat Phys Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1500_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2015.09.013","volume":"32","author":"J Madamesila","year":"2016","unstructured":"Madamesila J, McGeachy P, Villarreal Barajas JE, Khan R (2016) Characterizing 3D printing in the fabrication of variable density phantoms for quality assurance of radiotherapy. Phys Med 32(1):242\u2013247. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejmp.2015.09.013","journal-title":"Phys Med"},{"key":"1500_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.14316\/pmp.2017.28.3.106","volume":"28","author":"SA Oh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oh SA, Jeong M, Kang J, Seok H, Kim Y, Kim S et al (2017) Feasibility of fabricating variable density phantoms using 3D Printing for Quality Assurance (QA) in Radiotherapy. Progress Med Phys 28:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14316\/pmp.2017.28.3.106","journal-title":"Progress Med Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"1500_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12644","volume":"45","author":"C Hazelaar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hazelaar C, van Eijnatten M, Dahele M, Wolff J, Forouzanfar T, Slotman B et al (2018) Using 3D printing techniques to create an anthropomorphic thorax phantom for medical imaging purposes. Med Phys 45(1):92\u2013100","journal-title":"Med Phys"}],"container-title":["Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13246-024-01500-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13246-024-01500-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13246-024-01500-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T09:03:44Z","timestamp":1744621424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13246-024-01500-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-024-01500-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-4729","2662-4737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-4729","type":"print"},{"value":"2662-4737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 March 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry of Ankara University (Approval no: 36290600\/72\/2022). Not applicable: This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}