{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:09:05Z","timestamp":1773421745064,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Markusovszky Teaching Hospital of County Vas"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys Eng Sci Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim of this study is to assess the dosimetric advantages and clinical feasibility of the Half-Field Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy technique in comparison to conventional Full-Field Arc Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer. 120 Treatment plans were created for 24 prostate cancer patients using Half-Field, Full-Field, and Intensity Modulated static fields (5-, 7-, and 9-fields). The dosimetric parameters and the homogeneity index were evaluated for the different Planning Target Volumes included pelvic lymph nodes, seminal vesicles, and prostate. Additionally, the dose burden to organs at risk was assessed. The efficiency of the plans was analyzed based on monitor unit usage and the gamma index. Half-Field plans exhibited comparable target coverage to static fields while demonstrating superior homogeneity in comparison to Full-Field plans. This technique resulted in a significant reduction in bladder and rectum doses within the mid- and high-dose ranges, with a V30 for the bladder of 67.8% in Half-Field compared to 75.3% in Full-Field (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The Half-Field technique required a significantly fewer monitor units than the Intensitiy-Modulated technique (600.8 vs. 1172.7 for 5-field,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) resulting in a notable reduction in treatment. Half-Field represents an effective combination of the dosimetric precision of static Intensity Modulated fields with the efficiency of Full-Field arc therapy, offering a promising alternative for prostate cancer treatment. The technique ensures reduced organ at risks doses, enhanced treatment homogeneity and lower complexity, making it a viable option for moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy protocols.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-025-01668-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T12:26:47Z","timestamp":1762777607000},"page":"345-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dosimetric benefits of half-field arc in prostate cancer treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9328-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"Ungv\u00e1ri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00f6me","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zs\u00f3fia","family":"Dankovics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bal\u00e1zs","family":"Kiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0457-058X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judit","family":"Olajos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1roly","family":"T\u0151k\u00e9si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Fr\u00f6hlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1668_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-024-00883-3","author":"M Creta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Creta M, Shariat SF, Marra G et al (2024) Local salvage therapies in patients with radio-recurrent prostate cancer following external beam radiotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-024-00883-3","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-022-00520-x","volume":"26","author":"R David","year":"2023","unstructured":"David R, Buckby A, Kahokehr AA et al (2023) Long term genitourinary toxicity following curative intent intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 26(1):8\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41391-022-00520-x","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2818738","volume":"35","author":"K Otto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Otto K (2008) Volumetric modulated arc therapy: IMRT in a single gantry arc. Med Phys 35(1):310\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.2818738","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"1668_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.03.014","volume":"138","author":"RM D'Angelillo","year":"2019","unstructured":"D\u2019Angelillo RM, Francolini G, Ingrosso G et al (2019) Consensus statements on ablative radiotherapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer: a position paper of Italian association of radiotherapy and clinical oncology (AIRO). Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 138:24\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2019.03.014","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"issue":"1131","key":"1668_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20210670","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20210670","volume":"95","author":"YY Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu YY, Fan KH (2022) Proton therapy for prostate cancer: current state and future perspectives. Br J Radiol 95(1131):20210670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20210670","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1668_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2015.25","volume":"12","author":"JJ Mohiuddin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mohiuddin JJ, Baker BR, Chen RC (2015) Radiotherapy for high-risk prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 12(3):145\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrurol.2015.25","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"1668_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dearnaley D, Syndikus I, Mossop H, et al. (2016) Conventional versus hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: 5-year outcomes of the randomised, noninferiority, phase 3 CHHiP trial [published correction appears in Lancet Oncol. 17(8): e321]. Lancet Oncol. 17(8):1047\u20131060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30102-4","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30102-4"},{"issue":"3","key":"1668_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-019-02661-6","volume":"38","author":"T Daly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daly T (2020) Evolution of definitive external beam radiation therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer. World J Urol 38(3):565\u2013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-019-02661-6","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"key":"1668_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2024.100846","volume":"48","author":"J Kahlmeter Brandell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kahlmeter Brandell J, Valachis A, Ugge H, Smith D, Johansson B (2024) Moderately hypofractionated prostate-only versus whole-pelvis radiotherapy for high-risk prostate cancer: a retrospective real-world single-center cohort study. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol. 48:100846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctro.2024.100846","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol."},{"issue":"6","key":"1668_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acuro.2014.12.005","volume":"39","author":"LM S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2015","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-G\u00f3mez LM, Polo-deSantos M, Rodr\u00edguez-Melc\u00f3n JI, Angulo JC, Luengo-Matos S (2015) Hypofractionated radiation therapy versus conventional radiation therapy in prostate cancer: a systematic review of its safety and efficacy. Actas Urol Esp 39(6):367\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acuro.2014.12.005","journal-title":"Actas Urol Esp"},{"issue":"4","key":"1668_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.10.139","volume":"112","author":"F Sinzabakira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sinzabakira F, Heemsbergen WD, Pos FJ, Incrocci L (2022) Patient-reported outcomes in the acute phase of the randomized hypofractionated irradiation for prostate cancer (HYPRO) trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 112(4):870\u2013879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.10.139","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13472","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13472","volume":"23","author":"PC Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu PC, Wu CJ, Nien HH, Lui LT, Shaw S, Tsai YL (2022) Half-beam volumetric-modulated arc therapy in adjuvant radiotherapy for gynecological cancers. J Appl Clin Med Phys 23(1):e13472. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.13472","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"issue":"19","key":"1668_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4970","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194970","volume":"13","author":"NG Di Muzio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Di Muzio NG, Deantoni CL, Brombin C et al (2021) Ten year results of extensive nodal radiotherapy and moderately hypofractionated simultaneous integrated boost in unfavorable intermediate-, high-, and very high-risk prostate cancer. Cancers (Basel) 13(19):4970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers13194970","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"1668_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100612","volume":"40","author":"F Sinzabakira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sinzabakira F, Brand V, Heemsbergen WD, Incrocci L (2023) Acute and late toxicity patterns of moderate hypo-fractionated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 40:100612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctro.2023.100612","journal-title":"Clin Transl Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"1668_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2022.09.006","volume":"24","author":"FA Siebert","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siebert FA, Hirt M, Delaperri\u00e8re M, Dunst J (2022) Errors detected during physics plan review for external beam radiotherapy. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 24:53\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2022.09.006","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1668_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.12810","volume":"45","author":"M Miften","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miften M, Olch A, Mihailidis D et al (2018) Tolerance limits and methodologies for IMRT measurement-based verification QA: recommendations of AAPM task group no. 218. Med Phys 45(4):e53\u2013e83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.12810","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpor.2014.08.006","volume":"20","author":"D Rajasekaran","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rajasekaran D, Jeevanandam P, Sukumar P, Ranganathan A, Johnjothi S, Nagarajan V (2014) A study on the correlation between plan complexity and gamma index analysis in patient specific quality assurance of volumetric modulated arc therapy. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 20(1):57\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rpor.2014.08.006","journal-title":"Rep Pract Oncol Radiother"},{"issue":"10","key":"1668_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13745","DOI":"10.1002\/acm2.13745","volume":"23","author":"Y Anetai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anetai Y, Sumida I, Kumazaki Y et al (2022) Assessment of using a gamma index analysis for patient-specific quality assurance in Japan. J Appl Clin Med Phys 23(10):e13745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acm2.13745","journal-title":"J Appl Clin Med Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"1668_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-018-1123-x","volume":"13","author":"JM Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park JM, Kim JI, Park SY, Oh DH, Kim ST (2018) Reliability of the gamma index analysis as a verification method of volumetric modulated arc therapy plans. Radiat Oncol 13(1):175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13014-018-1123-x","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1668_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.1118\/1.4711755","volume":"39","author":"C Wu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wu C, Hosier KE, Beck KE et al (2012) On using 3D \u03b3\u2010analysis for IMRT and VMAT pretreatment plan QA. Med Phys 39(6):3051\u20133059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.4711755","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"1102","key":"1668_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20190270","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20190270","volume":"92","author":"S Chiavassa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chiavassa S, Bessieres I, Edouard M, Mathot M, Moignier A (2019) Complexity metrics for IMRT and VMAT plans: a review of current literature and applications. Br J Radiol 92(1102):20190270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20190270","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"1047","key":"1668_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140577","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20140577","volume":"88","author":"X Jin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jin X, Yan H, Han C, Zhou Y, Yi J, Xie C (2015) Correlation between gamma index passing rate and clinical dosimetric difference for pre-treatment 2D and 3D volumetric modulated arc therapy dosimetric verification. Br J Radiol 88(1047):20140577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/bjr.20140577","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1668_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6106","DOI":"10.1118\/1.3651698","volume":"38","author":"F Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen F, Rao M, Ye JS, Shepard DM, Cao D (2011) Impact of leaf motion constraints on IMAT plan quality, deliver accuracy, and efficiency. Med Phys 38(11):6106\u20136118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.3651698","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"1668_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611469","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.611469","volume":"11","author":"H Jang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jang H, Park J, Artz M et al (2021) Effective organs-at-risk dose sparing in volumetric modulated arc therapy using a half-beam technique in whole pelvic irradiation. Front Oncol 11:611469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2021.611469","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1668_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2019.04.007","volume":"10","author":"D Roach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roach D, Wortel G, Ochoa C et al (2019) Adapting automated treatment planning configurations across international centres for prostate radiotherapy. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 10:7\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2019.04.007","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"1668_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100641","volume":"32","author":"C Church","year":"2024","unstructured":"Church C, Yap M, Bessrour M, Lamey M, Granville D (2024) Automated plan generation for prostate radiotherapy patients using deep learning and scripted optimization. Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol 32:100641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phro.2024.100641","journal-title":"Phys Imaging Radiat Oncol"}],"container-title":["Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13246-025-01668-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13246-025-01668-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13246-025-01668-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T16:20:52Z","timestamp":1773418852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13246-025-01668-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-025-01668-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-4729","2662-4737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-4729","type":"print"},{"value":"2662-4737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Regional and Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Markusovszky University Teaching Hospital of Szombathely on 18 July 2023, under the protocol number 14\/2023. Reporting of all experimental procedures complied with recommendations in committee based on the ICH-GCP guidelines.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}