{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1789639551342,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"The University of Newcastle"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Phys Eng Sci Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The IAEA Technical Report Series 398 Code of Practice for the determination of absorbed dose in external beam radiotherapy was endorsed at the Engineers and Physical Scientists in Medicine (EPSM) conference in 2001 and has been widely adopted in Australia and New Zealand. This guideline provides recommendations from the Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine (ACPSEM) following the recent publication of TRS-398 Revision 1. It is jointly authored by the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA), the Reference Dosimetry Advisory Group (RDAG) and the ACPSEM Radiation Oncology Specialty Group (ROSG). In addition to recommendations, the guideline discusses the implications of TRS-398 Revision 1 for the dosimetry of megavoltage photons, electrons and protons. TRS-398 Revision 1 is recommended for adoption in accordance with the recommendations provided in this guideline, including for FFF beams. For specialised FFF machines such as CyberKnife\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    and TomoTherapy\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and for Gamma Knife\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    , the ACPSEM recommends the use of IAEA TRS-483 Code of Practice. MR linacs are covered by the\n                    <jats:italic>ACPSEM position paper: dosimetry for magnetic resonance imaging linear accelerators<\/jats:italic>\n                    and in AAPM TG-351. \u00a0For kilovoltage photons, the recommendation to use the AAPM TG-61 protocol for radiotherapy sources is retained and now specifically also includes cabinet irradiators used in radiobiology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-026-01795-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:55:05Z","timestamp":1789638905000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["ACPSEM guideline regarding the adoption of the IAEA TRS-398 Code of Practice Revision 1"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7667-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joerg","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0233-0970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Barber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9385-1274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Berke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-297X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rhonda","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Harty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5914-674X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brendan","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6889-7323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5355-1904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stewart","family":"Midgley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8332-8041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaughan","family":"Moutrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3799-5211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3422-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Penfold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7741-4680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brindha","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Truant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1598-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madelaine","family":"Tyler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8634-2391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duncan","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1795_CR1","volume-title":"Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy, Technical Reports Series No. 398, v12","author":"INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY","year":"2006","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency (2006) Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy, Technical Reports Series No. 398, v12. IAEA, Vienna"},{"key":"1795_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61092\/iaea.ve7q-y94k","volume-title":"Absorbed Dose Determination in External Beam Radiotherapy, Technical Reports Series No. 398 (Rev. 1)","author":"INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY","year":"2024","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency (2024) Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy, Technical Reports Series No. 398 (Rev. 1). IAEA, Vienna"},{"key":"1795_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab807b","author":"P Andreo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andreo P, Burns DT, Kapsch RP et al (2020) Determination of consensus kQ values for megavoltage photon beams for the update of IAEA TRS-398. Phys Med Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ab807b","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"},{"key":"1795_CR4","volume-title":"Dosimetry of Small Static Fields Used in External Beam Radiotherapy, Technical Reports Series No. 483","author":"INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY","year":"2017","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency (2017) Dosimetry of small static fields used in external beam radiotherapy, Technical Reports Series No. 483. IAEA, Vienna"},{"issue":"1","key":"1795_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-023-01223-w","volume":"46","author":"J Begg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Begg J, Jelen U, Moutrie Z, Oliver C, Holloway L, Brown R, ACPSEM Magnetic Resonance Imaging Linac Working Group (MRILWG) (2023) ACPSEM position paper: dosimetry for magnetic resonance imaging linear accelerators. Phys Eng Sci Med 46(1):1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-023-01223-w","journal-title":"Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"1795_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17884","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.17884","volume":"52","author":"A Sarfehnia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sarfehnia A, Alvarez PE, Bellon MR et al (2025) AAPM task group report 351: Protocol for clinical reference dosimetry in external beam MR-guided radiotherapy. Med Phys 52:e17884. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.17884","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"1795_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mp.15949","author":"B Muir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muir B, Culberson W, Davis S et al (2022) AAPM WGTG51 Report 374: Guidance for TG-51 reference dosimetry. Med Phys. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mp.15949","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"1795_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1374247","author":"CM Ma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ma CM, Coffey CW, DeWerd LA et al (2001) AAPM protocol for 40\u2013300\u00a0kV x-ray beam dosimetry in radiotherapy and radiobiology. Med Phys. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1118\/1.1374247","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"key":"1795_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13246-018-0692-1","author":"R Hill","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hill R, Healy B, Butler D et al (2018) Australasian recommendations for quality assurance in kilovoltage radiation therapy from the Kilovoltage Dosimetry Working Group of the Australasian College of Physical Scientists and Engineers in Medicine. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-018-0692-1","journal-title":"Australas Phys Eng Sci Med"},{"key":"1795_CR10","volume-title":"Dosimetry In Diagnostic Radiology: An International Code Of Practice, Technical Report Series No. 457","author":"INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY","year":"2007","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency (2007) Dosimetry in diagnostic radiology: an international code of practice, Technical Report Series No. 457. IAEA, Vienna"}],"container-title":["Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13246-026-01795-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13246-026-01795-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13246-026-01795-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:55:07Z","timestamp":1789638907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13246-026-01795-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["1795"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13246-026-01795-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-4729","2662-4737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-4729","type":"print"},{"value":"2662-4737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest relevant to this publication.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}