{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:36:34Z","timestamp":1786707394672,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genes Genom"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13258-026-01774-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:28:23Z","timestamp":1782923303000},"page":"1145-1161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Baicalein alleviates high glucose-induced mesangial cell fibrosis and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy: roles of AMPK activation and TGF-\u03b21 inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingshan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4054-3921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiwei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1774_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2025.156892","volume":"188","author":"SM Aghaei-Zarch","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aghaei-Zarch SM, Mahmoudieh L, Miryounesi M, Aghazadeh M, Reihani-Ardabili M, Zamani M, Motallebi M, Movafagh A (2025) Investigation of TNF and related lncRNAs in diabetic nephropathy. Cytokine 188:156892","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"1774_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2018.1532910","volume":"40","author":"C Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen C, Cai C, Lin H, Zhang W, Peng Y, Wu K (2018) Baicalein protects renal tubular epithelial cells againsthypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Ren Fail 40:603\u2013610","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"1774_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.646817","volume":"12","author":"M Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen M, Peng L, Gong P, Zheng X, Sun T, Zhang X, Huo J (2021) Baicalein induces mitochondrial autophagy to prevent Parkinson\u2019s disease in rats via miR-30b and the SIRT1\/AMPK\/mTOR pathway. Front Neurol 12:646817","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"1774_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2435-8264","volume":"57","author":"S Dwivedi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dwivedi S, Sikarwar MS (2025) Diabetic nephropathy: pathogenesis, mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. Horm Metab Res 57:7\u201317","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"1774_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000035397","volume":"102","author":"C Elendu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elendu C, John Okah M, Fiemotongha KDJ, Adeyemo BI, Bassey BN, Omeludike EK, Obidigbo B (2023) Comprehensive advancements in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy: a narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 102:e35397","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1774_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2024.123046","volume":"357","author":"IA ElKhooly","year":"2024","unstructured":"ElKhooly IA, El-Bassossy HM, Mohammed HO, Atwa AM, Hassan NA (2024) Vitamin B1 and calcitriol enhance glibenclamide suppression of diabetic nephropathy: role of HMGB1\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/TNF-\u03b1\/Nrf2\/\u03b1-SMA trajectories. Life Sci 357:123046","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1774_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155757","volume":"130","author":"S Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo S, Zhou L, Liu X, Gao L, Li Y, Wu Y (2024) Baicalein alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting ALOX12-dependent ferroptosis. Phytomedicine 130:155757","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"1774_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-022-02122-y","volume":"135","author":"J Harreiter","year":"2023","unstructured":"Harreiter J, Roden M (2023) Diabetes mellitus: definition, classification, diagnosis, screening and prevention (update 2023). Wien Klin Wochenschr 135:7\u201317","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"1774_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2025.1602594","volume":"16","author":"G Hou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hou G, Dong Y, Jiang Y, Zhao W, Zhou L, Cao S, Li W (2025) Immune inflammation and metabolic interactions in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 16:1602594","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1774_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01502-3","volume":"22","author":"S Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu S, Hang X, Wei Y, Wang H, Zhang L, Zhao L (2024) Crosstalk among podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells and mesangial cells in diabetic kidney disease: an updated review. Cell Commun Signal 22:136","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"1774_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2025.04.012","volume":"165","author":"C Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang C, Cheng EF, Ni J, Lyu Y (2025) Baicalein prevents pregnancy loss by maintaining regulatory T cell activation through inhibition of the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. Placenta 165:120\u2013126","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"1774_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2024.149670","volume":"705","author":"W Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang W, Qian Y, Lin J, Wang F, Kong X, Tan W (2024) Baicalein alleviates intrahepatic cholestasis by regulating bile acid metabolism via an FXR-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 705:149670","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1774_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2022.2160767","volume":"61","author":"Y Ji-Hong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ji-Hong Y, Yu M, Ling-Hong Y, Jing-Jing G, Ling-Li X, Lv W, Yong-Mei J (2023) Baicalein attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibroblast senescence and lung fibrosis through restoration of Sirt3 expression. Pharm Biol 61:288\u2013297","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"1774_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27103086","author":"J Liao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liao J, Xie L, Liu T, Mo C, Cui S, Jia X, Huang X, Luo Z, Ma X (2022) Heterologous biosynthesis of health-promoting baicalein in Lycopersicon esculentum. Molecules. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27103086","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1774_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2025.152058","volume":"771","author":"H Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin H, Lv Y, Liu H, Lin Z, Zhu N, Huang B (2025) Baicalein alleviates chronic acute stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms in rats via modulating the ODC1\/NF-\u03baB pathway and oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 771:152058","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1774_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1303076","volume":"14","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Xu K, Xiang Y, Ma B, Li H, Li Y, Shi Y, Li S, Bai Y (2023) Role of MCP-1 as an inflammatory biomarker in nephropathy. Front Immunol 14:1303076","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1774_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103159","volume":"72","author":"T Lv","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lv T, Fan X, He C, Zhu S, Xiong X, Yan W, Liu M, Xu H, Shi R, He Q (2024) SLC7A11-ROS\/\u03b1KG-AMPK axis regulates liver inflammation through mitophagy and impairs liver fibrosis and NASH progression. Redox Biol 72:103159","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"1774_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad009","volume":"119","author":"R Madonna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Madonna R, Moscato S, Cufaro MC, Pieragostino D, Mattii L, Del Boccio P, Ghelardoni S, Zucchi R, De Caterina R (2023) Empagliflozin inhibits excessive autophagy through the AMPK\/GSK3\u03b2 signalling pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 119:1175\u20131189","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"1774_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-023-08249-z","volume":"50","author":"M Maqsood","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maqsood M, Sharif S, Naz S, Farasat T, Manzoor F, Cheema M, Saqib M (2023) Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 & IL-18) exacerbate the risk of diabetic nephropathy in the Pakistani population. Mol Biol Rep 50:3249\u20133257","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"1774_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.067584","volume":"149","author":"BL Neuen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neuen BL, Heerspink HJL, Vart P, Claggett BL, Fletcher RA, Arnott C, de Oliveira CJ, Falster MO, Pearson SA, Mahaffey KW et al (2024) Estimated lifetime cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality benefits of combination treatment with SGLT2 Inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and nonsteroidal MRA compared with conventional care in patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. Circulation 149:450\u2013462","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1774_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-024-02120-y","volume":"29","author":"W Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan W, Zhang Q, Gong X, Wu W, Zhou Q (2024) Identification and validation of key extracellular proteins as the potential biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Med Res 29:517","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"1774_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-016-0418-7","volume":"36","author":"H Pang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pang H, Xue W, Shi A, Li M, Li Y, Cao G, Yan B, Dong F, Xiao W, He G et al (2016) Multiple-ascending-dose pharmacokinetics and safety evaluation of Baicalein chewable tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. Clin Drug Investig 36:713\u2013724","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"1774_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2023.110712","volume":"108","author":"D Qiu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiu D, Song S, Chen N, Bian Y, Yuan C, Zhang W, Duan H, Shi Y (2023) NQO1 alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB and TGF-\u03b2\/Smad signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy. Cell Signal 108:110712","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"1774_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1615029","volume":"16","author":"R Qiu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qiu R, Li J, Jiang C, Yu Y, Li D, Xie X, Lei Y, Yao L (2025) Antibacterial activity of Baicalein against Aeromonas hydrophila: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Front Microbiol 16:1615029","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1774_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1011665","volume":"13","author":"MM Rando","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rando MM, Guthoff M, Tiwari V, Biscetti F (2022) Editorial: diagnosis, prevention and treatment in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol 13:1011665","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"1774_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.030","volume":"103","author":"S Rayego-Mateos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rayego-Mateos S, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Mora-Fern\u00e1ndez C, Marchant V, Donate-Correa J, Navarro-Gonz\u00e1lez JF, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M (2023) Targeting inflammation to treat diabetic kidney disease: the road to 2030. Kidney Int 103:282\u2013296","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1774_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2024.10.029","volume":"20","author":"E Sakaniwa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sakaniwa E, Mikami R, Mizutani K, Mima A, Kido D, Kominato H, Saito N, Hakariya M, Takemura S, Nakagawa K et al (2025) Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide promotes mesangial cell fibrosis via transforming growth factor-beta1\/Smad signaling pathway in high glucose. J Dent Sci 20:989\u2013994","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"1774_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115802","volume":"168","author":"J Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen J, San W, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Cao D, Chen Y, Meng G (2023) Different types of cell death in diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Biomed Pharmacother 168:115802","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1774_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116691","volume":"315","author":"H Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi H, Deng L, Zhou Y, Yu H, Huang X, Chen M, Lei Y, Dong J (2023) Network pharmacology and experiments in vivo and in vitro reveal that the Jia-Wei-Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi formula (JWBSYQF) and its active ingredient Baicalein ameliorate BLM-induced lung fibrosis in mice via PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 315:116691","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"1774_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000033366","volume":"102","author":"D Sindhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sindhu D, Sharma GS, Kumbala D (2023) Management of diabetic kidney disease: where do we stand?: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 102:e33366","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1774_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07396-4","volume":"16","author":"S Sunilkumar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sunilkumar S, Subrahmanian SM, Yerlikaya EI, Toro AL, Harhaj EW, Kimball SR, Dennis MD (2025) REDD1 expression in podocytes facilitates renal inflammation and pyroptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. Cell Death Dis 16:79","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"1774_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2023.01.006","volume":"196","author":"Y Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wan Y, Shen K, Yu H, Fan W (2023) Baicalein limits osteoarthritis development by inhibiting chondrocyte ferroptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 196:108\u2013120","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"1774_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2023.107032","volume":"199","author":"R Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang R, Wang C, Lu L, Yuan F, He F (2024) Baicalin and baicalein in modulating tumor microenvironment for cancer treatment: a comprehensive review with future perspectives. Pharmacol Res 199:107032","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"1774_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-015-9621-8","volume":"46","author":"W Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang W, Zhou PH, Xu CG, Zhou XJ, Hu W, Zhang J (2015) Baicalein attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting inflammation via down-regulating NF-\u03baB and MAPK signal pathways. J Mol Histol 46:283\u2013290","journal-title":"J Mol Histol"},{"key":"1774_CR35","first-page":"1065","volume":"54","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, Guo J, Shao B, Chen H, Lan H (2023) The role of TGF-\u03b21\/SMAD in diabetic nephropathy: mechanisms and research development. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 54:1065\u20131073","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"1774_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.09.007","volume":"102","author":"H Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu H, Humphreys BD (2022) Immune cell heterogeneity in a mouse model of diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int 102:1215\u20131216","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1774_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2025.102024","volume":"83","author":"C Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang C, Ren W, Lu X, Feng L, Li J, Zhu B (2025) The compound XueShuanTong promotes podocyte mitochondrial autophagy via the AMPK\/mTOR pathway to alleviate diabetic nephropathy injury. Mitochondrion 83:102024","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"1774_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115246","volume":"165","author":"H Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao H, Zhang HL, Jia L (2023) High glucose dialysate-induced peritoneal fibrosis: pathophysiology, underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 165:115246","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"1774_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-8871-2_9","volume":"1165","author":"JH Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao JH (2019) Mesangial cells and renal fibrosis. Adv Exp Med Biol 1165:165\u2013194","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"1774_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-024-10273-7","volume":"55","author":"S Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao S, Pan Q, Lin X, Li X, Qu L (2024) Gastrodin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by activating the AMPK\/Nrf2 pathway. J Mol Histol 55:1327\u20131339","journal-title":"J Mol Histol"},{"key":"1774_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2023.08.014","volume":"31","author":"M Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu M, He J, Xu Y, Zuo Y, Zhou W, Yue Z, Shao X, Cheng J, Wang T, Mou S (2023) AMPK activation coupling SENP1-Sirt3 axis protects against acute kidney injury. Mol Ther 31:3052\u20133066","journal-title":"Mol Ther"}],"container-title":["Genes & Genomics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13258-026-01774-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13258-026-01774-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13258-026-01774-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:09:50Z","timestamp":1786705790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13258-026-01774-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1774"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13258-026-01774-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1976-9571","2092-9293"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1976-9571","type":"print"},{"value":"2092-9293","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}