{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T15:30:30Z","timestamp":1773847830517,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry for Education and Research","award":["FKZ 0330720A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ 0330720A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ambio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-019-01183-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]],"date-time":"2019-04-16T15:03:40Z","timestamp":1555427020000},"page":"1065-1071","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparing erosion and organ accumulation rates of lead and alternative lead-free ammunition fed to captive domestic ducks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4507-5124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Krone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Kenntner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia A.","family":"Szentiks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"D\u00e4nicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1183_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-39.3.638","volume":"39","author":"L Brewer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brewer, L., A. Fairbrother, J. Clark, and D. Amick. 2003. Acute toxicity of lead, steel, and an iron-tungsten-nickel shot to mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39: 638\u2013648.","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"key":"1183_CR2","first-page":"248","volume":"65","author":"ET Clemens","year":"1975","unstructured":"Clemens, E.T., L. Krook, A.L. Aronson, and C.E. Stevens. 1975. Pathogenesis of lead shot poisoning in the mallard duck. The Cornell Veterinarian 65: 248\u2013285.","journal-title":"The Cornell Veterinarian"},{"key":"1183_CR3","unstructured":"Eisler, R. 1998. Copper hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates: a synoptic review. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Biological Science Report USGS\/BRD\/BSR\u20131998-0002. Contaminant Hazard Reviews, Report No. 33, Laurel, Maryland, USA."},{"key":"1183_CR4","unstructured":"Environment Canada. 1993. Toxicity test guidelines for non-toxic shot for hunting migratory birds. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 9pp"},{"key":"1183_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2006.02.018","volume":"131","author":"IJ Fisher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fisher, I.J., D.J. Pain, and V.G. Thomas. 2006. A review of lead poisoning from ammunition sources in terrestrial birds. Biological Conservation 131: 421\u2013432.","journal-title":"Biological Conservation"},{"key":"1183_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2307\/3800686","volume":"42","author":"MT Finley","year":"1978","unstructured":"Finley, M.T., and M.P. Dieter. 1978. Toxicity of experimental lead\u2013iron shot versus commercial lead shot in mallards. Journal of Wildlife Management 42: 32\u201339.","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Management"},{"key":"1183_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1201\/b10598-18","volume-title":"Environmental contaminants in biota. Interpreting tissue concentrations","author":"JC Franson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Franson, J.C., and D.J. Pain. 2011. Lead in birds. In Environmental contaminants in biota. Interpreting tissue concentrations, 2nd ed, ed. W.E. Beyer and J.P. Meador, 563\u2013594. Boca Raton: CRC Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1183_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(87)90150-3","volume":"47","author":"MC French","year":"1987","unstructured":"French, M.C., C.W. Haines, and J. Cooper. 1987. Investigation into the effects of ingestion of zinc shot by mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). Environmental Pollution 47: 305\u2013314.","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"1183_CR9","unstructured":"Haschke, M., Scholz, W., and U. Theis. 1998. X-Ray Fluorescence in the \u03bcm-range using capillary lenses. Proceedings of EDXRF-98, Bologna 1998, 157."},{"key":"1183_CR10","first-page":"433","volume-title":"Veterinary toxicology. Basic and clinical principles","author":"SB Hooser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hooser, S.B. 2012. Iron. In Veterinary toxicology. Basic and clinical principles, 2nd ed, ed. R.C. Gupta, 433\u2013437. Amsterdam: Academic Press.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1183_CR11","unstructured":"Jordan, J.S., and F.C. Bellrose. 1950. Shot alloys and lead poisoning in waterfowl. Transactions of the North American Wildlife Conference, San Francisco, California, Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, pp. 155\u2013170."},{"key":"1183_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.4.673","volume":"34","author":"ME Kelly","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kelly, M.E., S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.L. Stickle, W. Stevens, C. Cray, R.J. Tempelman, and S.J. Bursian. 1998. Acute effects of lead, steel, tungsten-iron, and tungsten polymer shot administered to game-farm mallards. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 34: 673\u2013687.","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"key":"1183_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73745-4_11","volume-title":"Birds of prey: Biology and conservation in the XXI century","author":"O Krone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krone, O. 2018. Lead poisoning in birds of prey. In Birds of prey: Biology and conservation in the XXI century, ed. J.H. Sarasola, J.M. Grande, and J.J. Negro, 251\u2013272. Berlin: Springer. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-73745-4 ."},{"key":"1183_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21900\/j.inhs.v36.123","volume":"36","author":"JM Levengood","year":"1999","unstructured":"Levengood, J.M., G.C. Sanderson, W.L. Anderson, G.L. Foley, L.M. Skowron, P.W. Brown, and J.W. Seets. 1999. Acute toxicity of ingested zinc shot to game-farm mallards. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 36: 1\u201336.","journal-title":"Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin"},{"key":"1183_CR15","first-page":"108","volume-title":"Noninfectious diseases of wildlife","author":"LN Locke","year":"1996","unstructured":"Locke, L.N., N.J. Thomas, and London. 1996. Lead poisoning of waterfowl and raptors. In Noninfectious diseases of wildlife, ed. A. Fairbrother, L.N. Locke, and G.L. Hoff, 108\u2013117. London: Manson."},{"key":"1183_CR16","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Ingestion of lead from spent ammunition: implications for wildlife and humans","author":"R Mateo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mateo, R. 2009. Lead poisoning in wild birds in Europe and the regulations adopted by different countries. In Ingestion of lead from spent ammunition: implications for wildlife and humans, ed. R.T. Watson, M. Fuller, M. Pokras, and W.G. Hunt, 71\u201398. Boise: The Peregrine Fund."},{"key":"1183_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1660531","volume":"166","author":"PA Meredith","year":"1977","unstructured":"Meredith, P.A., M.R. Moore, and A. Goldberg. 1977. The effect of calcium on lead absorption in rats. Biochemical Journal 166: 531\u2013537.","journal-title":"Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"1183_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-37.3.451","volume":"37","author":"RR Mitchell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mitchell, R.R., S.D. Fitzgerald, R.J. Aulerich, R.J. Balander, D.C. Powell, R.J. Tempelman, R.L. Stickle, W. Stevens, et al. 2001. Health effects following chronic dosing with tungsten-iron and tungsten-polymer shot in adult game-farm mallards. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 37: 451\u2013458.","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases"},{"key":"1183_CR19","unstructured":"Pain, D.J. ed. 1992. Lead poisoning in waterfowl. Proceedings of an IWRB Workshop, Brussels, Belgien, 13\u201315.Juni 1991, IWRB Special Publication No. 16, IWPB, Slimbridge, UK, 105pp."},{"key":"1183_CR20","unstructured":"Pain, D.J. 1996. Lead in waterfowl. In Environmental contaminants in wildlife\u2013Interpreting tissue concentrations. ed. W.N. Beyer, G.H. Heinz, and A.W. Redmoon-Norwod, 251\u2013264.CRC Press, Boca Raton."},{"key":"1183_CR21","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Ingestion of lead from spent ammunition: implications for wildlife and humans","author":"DJ Pain","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pain, D.J., I.J. Fisher, and V.G. Thomas. 2009. A global update of lead poisoning in terrestrial birds from ammunition sources. In Ingestion of lead from spent ammunition: implications for wildlife and humans, ed. R.T. Watson, M. Fuller, M. Pokras, and W.G. Hunt, 99\u2013118. The Peregrine Fund: Boise."},{"key":"1183_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2307\/3809072","volume":"57","author":"JK Ringelman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ringelman, J.K., M.W. Miller, and W.F. Andelt. 1993. Effects of ingested tungsten-bismuth-tin shot on captive mallards. Journal of Wildlife Management 57: 725\u2013732.","journal-title":"Journal of Wildlife Management"},{"key":"1183_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(87)90173-4","volume":"46","author":"AM Scheuhammer","year":"1987","unstructured":"Scheuhammer, A.M. 1987. The chronic toxicity of aluminium, cadmium, mercury, and lead in birds: a review. Environmental Pollution 46: 263\u2013295.","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"1183_CR24","first-page":"54","volume-title":"A review of the environmental impacts of lead shotshell and lead fishing weights in Canada. Occasional Paper No. 88","author":"AM Scheuhammer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Scheuhammer, A.M., and S.L. Norris. 1995. A review of the environmental impacts of lead shotshell and lead fishing weights in Canada. Occasional Paper No. 88, 54. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service."},{"key":"1183_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450310001636246","volume":"32","author":"L Sileo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sileo, L., W.N. Beyer, and R. Mateo. 2004. Pancreatitis in wild zinc-poisoned waterfowl. Avian Pathology 32 : 655\u2013660.","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"key":"1183_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2012.10.084","volume":"443","author":"A Trinogga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Trinogga, A., G. Fritsch, H. Hofer, and O. Krone. 2013. Are lead-free hunting rifle bullets as effective at killing wildlife as conventional lead bullets? A comparison based on wound size and morphology. Science of the Total Environment 443: 226\u2013232.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"1183_CR27","first-page":"4294","volume":"71","author":"USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife service)","year":"2006","unstructured":"USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife service). 2006. Migratory bird hunting approval of tungsten iron-copper-nickel, iron-tungsten-nickel alloy, tungsten-bronze (additional information), and tungsten-iron-tin shot types as non-toxic for hunting waterfowl and coots: availability of environmental assessments. Federal Register 71: 4294\u20134297.","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"key":"1183_CR28","unstructured":"Wolff, T. 2009. Referenzprobenfreie quantitative Mikro-R\u00f6ntgenanalyse. BAM-Dissertationsreihe, Band 50, 212pp."}],"container-title":["Ambio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13280-019-01183-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13280-019-01183-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13280-019-01183-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,6]],"date-time":"2020-12-06T14:15:27Z","timestamp":1607264127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13280-019-01183-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1183"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13280-019-01183-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0044-7447","1654-7209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0044-7447","type":"print"},{"value":"1654-7209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 April 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}