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We show the value of this multidisciplinary approach, as the different results supported each interpretation, and show where natural degradation occurs at the site. The zone where natural degradation occurred was identified in the transition between two geological units, where the change in hydraulic conductivity may have facilitated biofilm formation and microbial activity. This observation was confirmed by all methods and the examination of the impact of geological conditions on the biotransformation process was facilitated by the unique combination of the applied methods. There is thus significant benefit from deploying an extended array of methods for these investigations, with the potential to reduce costs involved in remediation of contaminated sediment\u00a0and groundwater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-020-01418-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]],"date-time":"2020-12-02T14:04:03Z","timestamp":1606917843000},"page":"1074-1088","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Characterizing natural degradation of tetrachloroethene (PCE) using a multidisciplinary approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9209-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"\u00c5kesson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte J.","family":"Sparrenbom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine J.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Jansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Holmstrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1418_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H13","DOI":"10.1190\/1.2187760","volume":"71","author":"GZ Abdel Aal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abdel Aal, G.Z., L.D. 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