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In this paper, we present an example of a successfully implemented nature-based solution (NBS) in the Dijle valley in the centre of Belgium. The research objective is to retrospectively assess cost and benefit differences between a technical solution (storm basins) and an alternative NBS, here the restoration of the alluvial floodplain. The method is a comparative social cost\u2013benefit analysis. The case study analysis reveals similar flood security, lower costs, more ecosystem services benefits and higher biodiversity values associated with the NBS option in comparison to the technical alternative. However, the business case for working with NBS depends substantially on the spatial and socio-ecological context. Chances for successful NBS implementation increase in conditions of sufficient space to retain flood water, when flood water is of sufficient quality, and when economic activity and housing in the floodplain is limited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-021-01548-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T11:31:15Z","timestamp":1620732675000},"page":"1431-1445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["How does a nature-based solution for flood control compare to a technical solution? Case study evidence from Belgium"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6317-9808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"Turkelboom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7409-4167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rolinde","family":"Demeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1170-1139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liesbet","family":"Vranken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9686-0472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piet","family":"De Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8320-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Raymaekers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0700-1060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieven","family":"De Smet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1548_CR1","volume-title":"Development of a model for the technical costs of nature development and management activities","author":"Arcadis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arcadis, 2012. 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