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While mining, quarrying, and other extractive activities have considerable environmental impacts, they also present massive opportunities to create valuable habitats, support biodiversity, guide restoration efforts, and contribute to conservation. A strong foundation of scientific and practical knowledge is already in place, yet implementation gaps persist, and regulatory frameworks remain under-utilised for restoring these degraded areas. Under-exploited pathways exist to reconcile development needs with NRR restoration goals. To maximise the biodiversity potential of post-mining sites, we emphasise the need for: (1) Site-specific scientific assessments and long-term monitoring; (2) Practical restoration guidelines for European habitats; (3) The strategic use of restored site networks as demonstration areas; (4) Active stakeholder engagement; and (5) Supportive policies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-025-02235-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T14:19:14Z","timestamp":1756909154000},"page":"280-296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Maximising biodiversity potential in Europe\u2019s mines and quarries: A key role for EU Nature Restoration Regulation targets"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1583-1133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Ballesteros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0916-6977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klara","family":"\u0158ehounkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9621-8925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kris","family":"Decleer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4963-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7510-8655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josu G.","family":"Alday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9332-7963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Gentili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6900-3838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5055-2805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro A.","family":"Salgueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3094-8620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Mahy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Bouchoms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2396-713X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Kirmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6995-5188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabine","family":"Tischew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8728-2818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicen\u00e7","family":"Carabassa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4214-3291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Nikolic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0664-9420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Marrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0317-7800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karel","family":"Prach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2235_CR1","unstructured":"AE-UEPG, Cerame-Unie, Eurogypsum, Euromines & EXCA. 2023. 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