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This paper examines local perceptions of hydropower and restoration in the river R\u00f6nne \u00e5, an early case under Sweden\u2019s National Plan for Modern Environmental Conditions for Hydropower. A mixed-methods approach, including a questionnaire and qualitative interviews, explores how inhabitants relate to their river and view the removal of three low-production dams, offering one of the most detailed assessments of stakeholder values in a Swedish hydropower river. The findings reveal important tensions between energy production and ecological restoration: While hydropower retains cultural legitimacy, support declines when ecological costs outweigh energy benefits. The river holds strong recreational, cultural, and symbolic meanings, embedding dam removals in broader sociocultural contexts rather than solely technical or ecological. These findings highlight the importance of participatory efforts and governance that align ecological goals with the diverse ways people relate to rivers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-026-02396-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T16:19:03Z","timestamp":1777047543000},"page":"2722-2736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rivers in transition: Local perceptions of a Swedish dam removal"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Emma","family":"Gudmundson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3398-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanna","family":"St\u00e5lhammar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6356-2022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik","family":"Thor\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2633-4178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John J.","family":"Piccolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4568-1850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Persson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3541-9835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Anders Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1310-1105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Brierley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3527-0241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Scaini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2396_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/10398560701701288","volume":"15","author":"G Albrecht","year":"2007","unstructured":"Albrecht, G., G.M. 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EG currently works at a County Administrative Board in Sweden. The research and opinions expressed in this article are entirely her own and were developed before her current employment.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research involved human participants who were interviewed or filled in an online questionnaire. All participants were volunteers and over 18\u00a0years old. The research was conducted in accordance with local statutory requirements. The authors have assessed the need for ethical review and reached the conclusion that it will not be needed as there is no processing any sensitive personal data. Moreover, the authors have constructed the data collection as to avoid the risk of obtaining sensitive personal data. Thus, ethical review was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with Swedish legislation and institutional requirements. 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