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Yet, monocultures dominate tree plantation systems globally. Here, we examined the motivations, barriers, and opportunities that affect forest stakeholders\u2019 adoption of MPFs across four countries with strong yet distinct forest sectors: Brazil, France, Portugal, and Sweden. We conducted 81 semi-structured interviews with  forest owners, \u00a0company employees, and associations involved in forest management. We found that the primary motivation for adopting MPFs is to reduce vulnerability to climate change-related risks. However, the increased management complexity resulting from uneven growth rates among species is an important barrier. Economic constraints, including higher costs and undeveloped markets for alternative species, alongside governance challenges such as limited technical expertise and entrenched monoculture practices further hinder adoption. Possible pathways to diversification include capacity building, management strategies, and policy incentives, promoting more sustainable, climate-resilient, and future-proof forestry practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-026-02425-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:30:35Z","timestamp":1785328235000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stakeholders\u2019 perspectives on barriers and pathways toward the diversification of planted forests"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Leticia","family":"Bulascoschi Cagnoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joann\u00e8s","family":"Guillemot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneli","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Weih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Morsello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Orazio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Deuffic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra C.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Lloberas","family":"Lafuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro H. 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The other authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (CAAE: 55435122.6.0000.5395), and all appropriate rules and instructions were followed by the researchers involved in this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}