{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:47:17Z","timestamp":1791917237085,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ambio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>India\u2019s rising human\u2013leopard conflict has prompted the government to adopt immune contraceptives to manage leopard populations. The decision has sparked debate among wildlife experts and conservation organisations, government officials, and local communities. Here, I discuss the ecological and ethical implications of this intervention and highlight alternative, coexistence-based approaches that recognise both humans and wildlife as stakeholders within shared socio-ecological systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-026-02473-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T14:46:01Z","timestamp":1786718761000},"page":"2806-2810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Leopard sterilisation in India: The ecological and ethical costs of anthropocentric wildlife management"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2223-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranay","family":"Arora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2473_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japb.2017.02.003","volume":"10","author":"S Anand","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anand, S., and S. Radhakrishna. 2017. Investigating trends in human-wildlife conflict: Is conflict escalation real or imagined? Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 10: 154\u2013161.","journal-title":"Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity"},{"key":"2473_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-023-01755-2","volume":"70","author":"YP Badhe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Badhe, Y.P., and R.G. Jaybhaye. 2024. Human\u2013leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) conflict trend and hotspot analysis in Junnar forest division of Pune Forest Circle, Maharashtra, India. European Journal of Wildlife Research 70: 5.","journal-title":"European Journal of Wildlife Research"},{"key":"2473_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04493-y","volume":"6","author":"AR Braczkowski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Braczkowski, A.R., C.J. O\u2019Bryan, C. Lessmann, C. Rondinini, A.P. Crysell, S. Gilbert, M. Stringer, L. Gibson, et al. 2023. The unequal burden of human-wildlife conflict. Communications Biology 6: 182.","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"key":"2473_CR4","unstructured":"IBEF. 2025. From fields to fuel: The Indian sugar industry\u2019s role in advancing ethanol blending. https:\/\/www.ibef.org\/blogs\/from-fields-to-fuel-the-indian-sugar-industry-s-role-in-advancing-ethanol-blending."},{"key":"2473_CR5","unstructured":"IUCN. 2023. Panthera pardus ssp. fusca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species https:\/\/www.iucnredlist.org\/species\/215195524\/215195533."},{"key":"2473_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2011.01003.x","volume":"66","author":"JF Kirkpatrick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick, J.F., R.O. Lyda, and K.M. Frank. 2011. Contraceptive vaccines for wildlife: A review. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 66: 40\u201350.","journal-title":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology"},{"key":"2473_CR7","unstructured":"Kulkarni, S. 2025. Centre clears leopard sterilisation plan using dart-administered immuno-contraceptive method: Officials https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/cities\/pune\/centre-leopard-sterilisation-plan-officials-10371271\/."},{"key":"2473_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1080\/00220380802265108","volume":"44","author":"M Lalvani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lalvani, M. 2008. Sugar co-operatives in Maharashtra: A political economy perspective. The Journal of Development Studies 44: 1474\u20131505.","journal-title":"The Journal of Development Studies"},{"key":"2473_CR9","unstructured":"Lohia, E. 2025. Uncertainty around future of Mumbai\u2019s last green lung. Mongabay https:\/\/india.mongabay.com\/2025\/11\/uncertainty-around-future-of-mumbais-last-green-lung\/."},{"key":"2473_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadp7706","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adp7706","volume":"10","author":"D Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma, D., B. Abrahms, J. Allgeier, T. Newbold, B.C. Weeks, and N.H. Carter. 2024. Global expansion of human-wildlife overlap in the 21st century. Science Advances 10: eadp7706.","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"2473_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2008.12.001","volume":"117","author":"CMV Nu\u00f1ez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nu\u00f1ez, C.M.V., J.S. Adelman, C. Mason, and D.I. Rubenstein. 2009. Immunocontraception decreases group fidelity in a feral horse population during the non-breeding season. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 117: 74\u201383.","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"},{"key":"2473_CR12","unstructured":"Qureshi, Q., Y.V. Jhala, S.P. Yadav, V.R. Tiwari, R. Garawad, and A. Mallick. 2024. Status of Leopards in India, 2022. National Tiger Conservation Authority, Government of India and Wildlife Institute of India. https:\/\/v1.wii.gov.in\/leopard_status_2022."},{"key":"2473_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2010.01.015","volume":"124","author":"JI Ransom","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ransom, J.I., B.S. Cade, and N.T. Hobbs. 2010. Influences of immunocontraception on time budgets, social behavior, and body condition in feral horses. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 124: 51\u201360.","journal-title":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science"}],"container-title":["Ambio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13280-026-02473-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13280-026-02473-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13280-026-02473-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:04:58Z","timestamp":1791914698000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13280-026-02473-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2473"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13280-026-02473-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0044-7447","1654-7209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0044-7447","type":"print"},{"value":"1654-7209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"No funding was received for the work, and the author declares no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}