{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:48:52Z","timestamp":1791938932477,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Bern","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02k7v4d05","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ambio"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Health has become a central term in global sustainability policy, yet it is often used without sufficient conceptual precision. Public health, global health, One Health, EcoHealth, GeoHealth, and Planetary Health each emphasize different dimensions of the relationship between humans, animals, and the environment. In policy contexts, however, these distinctions are frequently blurred. We argue that biodiversity is often treated as an environmental co-benefit rather than as a foundational determinant of health. This weakens the implementation of One Health approaches because biodiversity underpins disease regulation, immune system development, food and water security, ecosystem functioning, resilience, and climate adaptation. At the same time, biodiversity provides a critical link between One Health and broader Planetary Health challenges, including global environmental change and the transgression of planetary boundaries. Future health and sustainability policies should move beyond generic references to health and explicitly recognize biodiversity as part of preventive health systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13280-026-02487-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T15:45:31Z","timestamp":1789487131000},"page":"2811-2814","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What health are we talking about? Biodiversity as the missing link between One Health and Planetary Health"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5654-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Geschke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schloter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2487_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746783","DOI":"10.3389\/fevo.2021.746783","volume":"9","author":"P Alp\u00edzar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alp\u00edzar, P., A. Risely, M. Tschapka, and S. Sommer. 2021. Agricultural fast food: Bats feeding in banana monocultures are heavier but have less diverse gut microbiota. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 9: 746783. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fevo.2021.746783.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution"},{"key":"2487_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.19252","volume":"240","author":"SF Bender","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bender, S.F., S. Schulz, R. Martinez-Cuesta, R.J. Laughlin, S. Kublik, K. Pfeiffer-Zakharova, G. Vestergaard, K. Hartman, et al. 2023. Simplification of soil biota communities impairs nutrient recycling and enhances above- and belowground nitrogen losses. New Phytologist 240: 2020\u20132034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nph.19252.","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"2487_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00875-0","volume":"8","author":"G Berg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berg, G., D. Rybakova, D. Fischer, T. Cernava, M.C. Verges, T. Charles, X. Chen, L. Cocolin, et al. 2020. Microbiome definition re-visited: Old concepts and new challenges. Microbiome 8: 103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40168-020-00875-0.","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"2487_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13002","volume":"72","author":"LT Birzele","year":"2017","unstructured":"Birzele, L.T., M. Depner, M.J. Ege, M. Engel, S. Kublik, C. Bernau, G.J. Loss, J. Genuneit, et al. 2017. Environmental and mucosal microbiota and their role in childhood asthma. Allergy 72: 109\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.13002.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2487_CR5","unstructured":"CBD-Convention on Biological Diversity. 2022. Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. CBD\/COP\/DEC\/15\/4."},{"key":"2487_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02315-7","volume":"4","author":"G Fackelmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fackelmann, G., M.A.F. Gillingham, J. Schmid, A.C. Heni, K. Wilhelm, N. Schwensow, and S. Sommer. 2021. Human encroachment into wildlife gut microbiomes. Communications Biology 4: 800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-021-02315-7.","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"key":"2487_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.12904","volume":"21","author":"CL Faust","year":"2018","unstructured":"Faust, C.L., H.I. McCallum, L.S.P. Bloomfield, N.L. Gottdenker, T.R. Gillespie, C.J. Torney, A.P. Dobson, and R.K. Plowright. 2018. Pathogen spillover during land conversion. Ecology Letters 21: 471\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ele.12904.","journal-title":"Ecology Letters"},{"key":"2487_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-05870-x","volume":"7","author":"R Fleischer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fleischer, R., G.J. Eibner, N.I. Schwensow, F. Pirzer, S. Paraskevopoulou, G. Mayer, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, et al. 2024a. Immunogenetic-pathogen networks shrink in Tome\u2019s spiny rat, a generalist rodent inhabiting disturbed landscapes. Communications Biology 7: 169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-024-05870-x.","journal-title":"Communications Biology"},{"key":"2487_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167815","volume":"907","author":"R Fleischer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fleischer, R., C. Jones, P. Ledezma-Campos, G.\u00c1. Czirj\u00e1k, S. Sommer, T.R. Gillespie, and A. Vicente-Santos. 2024b. Gut microbial shifts in vampire bats linked to immunity due to changed diet in human disturbed landscapes. Science of the Total Environment 907: 167815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167815.","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"2487_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2562-8","volume":"584","author":"R Gibb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gibb, R., D.W. Redding, K.Q. Chin, C.A. Donnelly, T.M. Blackburn, T. Newbold, and K.E. Jones. 2020. Zoonotic host diversity increases in human-dominated ecosystems. Nature 584: 398\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2562-8.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2487_CR11","unstructured":"IPBES-Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. 2020. Workshop report on biodiversity and pandemics of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services."},{"key":"2487_CR12","unstructured":"IPBES-Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services. 2024. Summary for policymakers of the thematic assessment of the interlinkages among biodiversity, water, food and health of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services."},{"key":"2487_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ycaf162","DOI":"10.1093\/ismeco\/ycaf162","volume":"5","author":"K Jetter","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jetter, K., K. Jani, K. Wilhelm, U. Stehle, R.R. Chamedjeu, C.U. Riedel, L. Wilfert, P. Schafer, et al. 2025. Fertilization impacts microbiomes along the grassland trophic chain. ISME Communications 5: ycaf162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ismeco\/ycaf162.","journal-title":"ISME Communications"},{"key":"2487_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.05.013","volume":"152","author":"M Marques Dos Santos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marques Dos Santos, M., V. Pivniouk, B. Rankl, A. Walker, G. Pagani, N. Hertkorn, P. Schmitt-Kopplin, C. Muller, et al. 2023. Asthma-protective agents in dust from traditional farm environments. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 152: 610\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.05.013.","journal-title":"Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"2487_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101113","volume":"21","author":"M Meyer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meyer, M., G. Eibner, A.C. Heni, K. Wilhelm, and S. Sommer. 2025. Changes in biodiversity drive trypanosome infections of wildlife in Panama. One Health 21: 101113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101113.","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"2487_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46979-1","volume":"15","author":"M Meyer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meyer, M., D.W. Melville, H.J. Baldwin, K. Wilhelm, E.E. Nkrumah, E.K. Badu, S.K. Oppong, N. Schwensow, et al. 2024. Bat species assemblage predicts coronavirus prevalence. Nature Communications 15: 2887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-46979-1.","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"2487_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-025-02659-y","author":"V M\u00fcller","year":"2025","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, V., C.-J. Sonntag, A. Seidler, and A. Freiberg. 2025. Health concepts in the context of anthropogenic environmental change: A scoping review on One Health, Planetary Health, EcoHealth, Public Health, Urban Health, and Global Health. Journal of Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10389-025-02659-y.","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"2487_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1010537","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010537","volume":"18","author":"WB Adisasmito","year":"2022","unstructured":"OHHLEP-One Health High-Level Expert Panel, W.B. Adisasmito, S. Almuhairi, C.B. Behravesh, P. Bilivogui, S.A. Bukachi, N. Casas, N. Cediel Becerra, et al. 2022e. One Health: A new definition for a sustainable and healthy future. PLoS Pathogens 18: e1010537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010537.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathogens"},{"key":"2487_CR19","unstructured":"One Health Commission. What is One Health? Retrieved 26.06.2026 from https:\/\/www.onehealthcommission.org\/en\/why_one_health\/what_is_one_health\/, last accessed on 26.06.2026]."},{"key":"2487_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5816","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.16877","volume":"29","author":"A Risely","year":"2023","unstructured":"Risely, A., N. Muller-Klein, D.W. Schmid, K. Wilhelm, T.H. Clutton-Brock, M.B. Manser, and S. Sommer. 2023. Climate change drives loss of bacterial gut mutualists at the expense of host survival in wild meerkats. Global Change Biology 29: 5816\u20135828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gcb.16877.","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"key":"2487_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaba2578","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba2578","volume":"6","author":"MI Roslund","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roslund, M.I., R. Puhakka, M. Gr\u00f6nroos, N. Nurminen, S. Oikarinen, A.M. Gazali, O. Cinek, L. Kramn\u00e1, et al. 2020. Biodiversity intervention enhances immune regulation and health-associated commensal microbiota among daycare children. Science Advances 6: eaba2578. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aba2578.","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"2487_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-017-1248-3","volume":"54","author":"M Schloter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schloter, M., P. Nannipieri, S.J. S\u00f8rensen, and J.D. van Elsas. 2017. Microbial indicators for soil quality. Biology and Fertility of Soils 54: 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00374-017-1248-3.","journal-title":"Biology and Fertility of Soils"},{"key":"2487_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706475","DOI":"10.3389\/fsci.2025.1706475","volume":"3","author":"M Schloter","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schloter, M. and S. Schulz. 2025. Microbiomes at the heart of sustainable agri-food systems and global health. Frontiers in Science 3: 1706475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsci.2025.1706475.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Science"},{"key":"2487_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460099","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2024.1460099","volume":"12","author":"A Schr\u00f6der","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der, A., M. Schloter, E. Roccotiello, W.W. Weisser, and S. Schulz. 2024. Improving ecosystem services of urban soils\u2014How to manage the microbiome of Technosols? Frontiers in Environmental Science 12: 1460099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fenvs.2024.1460099.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Environmental Science"},{"key":"2487_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00212","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.00212-22","volume":"87","author":"A Sessitsch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sessitsch, A., S. Wakelin, M. Schloter, E. Maguin, T. Cernava, M.-C. Champomier-Verges, C. Charles Trevor, D. Cotter Paul, et al. 2023. Microbiome interconnectedness throughout environments with major consequences for healthy people and a healthy planet. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 87: e00212-00222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mmbr.00212-22.","journal-title":"Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews"},{"key":"2487_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19092","volume":"536","author":"S Soliveres","year":"2016","unstructured":"Soliveres, S., F. van der Plas, P. Manning, D. Prati, M.M. Gossner, S.C. Renner, F. Alt, H. Arndt, et al. 2016. Biodiversity at multiple trophic levels is needed for ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature 536: 456\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature19092.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2487_CR27","unstructured":"UN-United Nations. 2015a. Paris Agreement. FCCC\/CP\/2015\/10\/Add.1."},{"key":"2487_CR28","unstructured":"UN-United Nations. 2015b. Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A\/RES\/70\/1."},{"key":"2487_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2883","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0239-1","volume":"12","author":"Wasimuddin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wasimuddin, S.D. Brandel, M. Tschapka, R. Page, A. Rasche, V.M. Corman, C. Drosten, and S. Sommer. 2018. Astrovirus infections induce age-dependent dysbiosis in gut microbiomes of bats. ISME Journal 12: 2883\u20132893. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41396-018-0239-1.","journal-title":"ISME Journal"},{"key":"2487_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49829-z","volume":"9","author":"Wasimuddin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wasimuddin, V.M. Corman, J.U. Ganzhorn, J. Rakotondranary, Y.R. Ratovonamana, C. Drosten, and S. Sommer. 2019. Adenovirus infection is associated with altered gut microbial communities in a non-human primate. Scientific Reports 9: 13410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-49829-z.","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"2487_CR31","unstructured":"WBGU-German Advisory Council on Global Change. 2023. Healthy living on a healthy planet."}],"container-title":["Ambio"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13280-026-02487-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13280-026-02487-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13280-026-02487-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T00:03:20Z","timestamp":1791936200000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13280-026-02487-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13280-026-02487-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0044-7447","1654-7209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0044-7447","type":"print"},{"value":"1654-7209","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2026","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that no competing interests exist.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}}]}}