{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T20:11:48Z","timestamp":1788639108110,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004312","name":"Eli Lilly and Company","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004312","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetes Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-026-01902-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T13:41:48Z","timestamp":1786110108000},"page":"1407-1418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insulin Efsitora Versus Degludec in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Using Basal Insulin: QWINT-3 Japan Subgroup Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05275400","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7391-7966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideaki","family":"Jinnouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariko","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasushi","family":"Takita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risa","family":"Nasu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7214-4065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Threlkeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1902_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1177\/1932296821997923","volume":"16","author":"D Steenkamp","year":"2022","unstructured":"Steenkamp D, Eby EL, Gulati N, Liao B. Adherence and persistence to insulin therapy in people with diabetes: impact of connected insulin pen delivery ecosystem. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2022;16(4):995\u20131002.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"key":"1902_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S106821","volume":"10","author":"WH Polonsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polonsky WH, Henry RR. Poor medication adherence in type 2 diabetes: recognizing the scope of the problem and its key contributors. Patient Prefer Adher. 2016;10:1299\u2013307.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adher"},{"issue":"10","key":"1902_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2023.108596","volume":"37","author":"LKL Skriver","year":"2023","unstructured":"Skriver LKL, Nielsen MW, Walther S, N\u00f8rlev JD, Hangaard S. Factors associated with adherence or nonadherence to insulin therapy among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review. J Diabetes Complicat. 2023;37(10):108596.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"key":"1902_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1366368","volume":"15","author":"A Gald\u00f3n Sanz-Pastor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gald\u00f3n Sanz-Pastor A, Justel Enr\u00edquez A, S\u00e1nchez Bao A, Ampudia-Blasco FJ. Current barriers to initiating insulin therapy in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1366368.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1902_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.15277\/bjd.2019.223","volume":"19","author":"N Khunti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khunti N, Khunti N, Khunti K. Adherence to type 2 diabetes management. Br J Diabetes. 2019;19(2):99\u2013104.","journal-title":"Br J Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"1902_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.122.001105","volume":"382","author":"JS Moyers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moyers JS, Hansen RJ, Day JW, et\u00a0al. Preclinical characterization of LY3209590, a novel weekly basal insulin Fc-fusion protein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2022;382(3):346\u201355.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"10497","key":"1902_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01044-X","volume":"405","author":"A Philis-Tsimikas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Philis-Tsimikas A, Bergenstal RM, Bailey TS, et\u00a0al. Once-weekly insulin efsitora alfa versus once-daily insulin degludec in adults with type 2 diabetes currently treated with basal insulin (QWINT-3): a phase 3, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2025;405(10497):2279\u201389.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1902_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrgentox.2021.503437","volume":"874\u201375","author":"J Lima","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lima J, Moreira NCS, Sakamoto-Hojo ET. Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes: from risk factors to oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and hyperglycemia. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2022;874\u201375:503437.","journal-title":"Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen"},{"issue":"2","key":"1902_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.101.009","volume":"101","author":"Y Seino","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seino Y, Yamazaki Y. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in Japan and East Asian populations: basic and clinical explorations. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2025;101(2):68\u201374.","journal-title":"Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1902_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2004.02.012","volume":"53","author":"M Fukushima","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fukushima M, Usami M, Ikeda M, et\u00a0al. Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity at different stages of glucose tolerance: a cross-sectional study of Japanese type 2 diabetes. Metabolism. 2004;53(7):831\u20135.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"1902_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2005.07.006","volume":"55","author":"R Mitsui","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mitsui R, Fukushima M, Nishi Y, et\u00a0al. Factors responsible for deteriorating glucose tolerance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in Japanese men. Metabolism. 2006;55(1):53\u20138.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"3","key":"1902_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0598","volume":"37","author":"JB M\u00f8ller","year":"2014","unstructured":"M\u00f8ller JB, Pedersen M, Tanaka H, Ohsugi M, Overgaard RV, Lynge J, et\u00a0al. Body composition is the main determinant for the difference in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology between Japanese and Caucasians. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(3):796\u2013804.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"1902_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0602-9","volume":"15","author":"D Yabe","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yabe D, Seino Y, Fukushima M, Seino S. \u03b2 cell dysfunction versus insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in East Asians. Curr Diab Rep. 2015;15(6):602.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"}],"container-title":["Diabetes Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13300-026-01902-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13300-026-01902-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13300-026-01902-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T20:02:42Z","timestamp":1788638562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13300-026-01902-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1902"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-026-01902-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1869-6953","1869-6961"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1869-6953","type":"print"},{"value":"1869-6961","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Mariko Inoue, Yasushi Takita, and Risa Nasu are full-time employees of Eli Lilly Japan K.K. and own stock in Eli Lilly and Company. Rebecca Threlkeld is a full-time employee of Eli Lilly and Company and owns stock in Eli Lilly and Company. Hideaki Jinnouchi declares a consultant position for Sanofi US and Novo Nordisk; research support from Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Novo Nordisk, Boehringer Ingelheim, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Daiichi Sankyo, Taisho Pharmaceutical, Astellas Pharma US, and AstraZeneca; and speakers bureau participation from Sanofi US, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Astellas Pharma US, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Kowa Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and Mochida Pharmaceutical.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The protocol was approved by the institutional review board of each participating center, and the trial was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines. All participants provided written informed consent. Details of the ethics committees have been previously published [\n                      \n                      ].","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}