{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:01:33Z","timestamp":1792292493823,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Updates Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-020-00874-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T13:28:46Z","timestamp":1599139726000},"page":"1829-1836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Safety and effectiveness of minimal sphincterotomy in the treatment of female patients with chronic anal fissure"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Brillantino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Izzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Iacobellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Maglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Grillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Vicenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Bottino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adolfo","family":"Renzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7411","key":"874_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7411.354","volume":"327","author":"RL Nelson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nelson RL (2003) Treatment of anal fissure. BMJ 327(7411):354\u2013355","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"874_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00958.x","volume":"85","author":"M Sailer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sailer M, Bussen D, Debus ES, Fuchs KH, Thiede A (1998) Quality of life in patients with benign anorectal disorders. Br J Surg 85:1716\u20131719","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"874_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4292\/wjgpt.v2.i2.9","volume":"2","author":"MH Madalinski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Madalinski MH (2011) Identifying the best therapy for chronic anal fissure. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2(2):9\u201316","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"874_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v2.i7.231","volume":"2","author":"A Poh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poh A, Tan KY, Seow-Choen F (2010) Innovations in chronic anal fissure treatment: a systematic review. World J Gastrointest Surg 2(7):231\u2013241","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"874_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236977","volume":"43","author":"DF Altomare","year":"2000","unstructured":"Altomare DF, Rinaldi M, Milito G, Arcan\u00e0 F, Spinelli F, Nardelli N, Scardigno D, Pulvirenti-D'Urso A, Bottini C, Pescatori M, Lovreglio R (2000) Glyceryl trinitrate for chronic anal fissure-healing or headache? Results of a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Dis Colon Rectum 43:174\u2013179","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"874_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)06090-4","volume":"349","author":"JN Lund","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lund JN, Scholefield JH (1997) A randomised, prospective, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in treatment of anal fissure [published erratum appears in Lancet 349:656]. Lancet 349:11\u201314","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"874_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567920","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/567920","volume":"2015","author":"A Renzi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Renzi A, Brillantino A, Di Sarno G, D'Aniello F, Ziccardi S, Paladino F, Iacobellis F (2015) Myoxinol (hydrolyzed hibiscus esculentus extract) in the cure of chronic anal fissure: early clinical and functional outcomes. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015:567920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/567920","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res Pract"},{"key":"874_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964942","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/964942","volume":"2014","author":"A Brillantino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brillantino A, Iacobellis F, Izzo G, Di Martino N, Grassi R, Renzi A (2014) Maintenance therapy with partially hydrolyzed guar gum in the conservative treatment of chronic anal fissure: results of a prospective, randomized study. Biomed Res Int 2014:964942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/964942","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"874_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-013-1758-x","volume":"29","author":"D Izzo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Izzo D, Brillantino A, Iacobellis F, Falco P, Renzi A, Rea R (2014) Role of 0.4 % glyceryl trinitrate ointment after stapled trans-anal rectal resection for obstructed defecation syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial. Int J Colorectal Dis 29(1):105\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-013-1758-x","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"874_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-011-1286-5","volume":"27","author":"E Yiannakopoulou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yiannakopoulou E (2012) Botulinum toxin and anal fissure: efficacy and safety systematic review. Int J Colorectal Dis 27(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-011-1286-5","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"874_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0780-z","volume":"48","author":"A Renzi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Renzi A, Brusciano L, Pescatori M, Izzo D, Napolitano V, Rossetti G, del Genio G, del Genio A (2005) Pneumatic balloon dilation for chronic anal fissure: a prospective, clinical, endosonographic, and manometric study. Dis Colon Rectum 48:121\u2013126","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"874_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-010-0610-3","volume":"14","author":"E Karamanlis","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karamanlis E, Michalopoulos A, Papadopoulos V et al (2010) Prospective clinical trial comparing sphincterotomy, nitroglycerin ointment and xylocaine\/lactulose combination for the treatment of anal fissure. Tech Coloproctol 14(Suppl 1):S21\u2013S23","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"874_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054061","volume":"39","author":"J Garcia-Aguilar","year":"1996","unstructured":"Garcia-Aguilar J, Belmonte C, Wong WD, Lowry AC, Madoff RD (1996) Open vs. closed sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: long-term results. Dis Colon Rectum 39:440\u2013443","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"874_CR14","first-page":"CD002199","volume":"11","author":"RL Nelson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nelson RL, Chattopadhyay A, Brooks W, Platt I, Paavana T, Earl S (2011) Operative procedures for fissure in ano. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD002199","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"874_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-018-3087-6","volume":"33","author":"M Alawady","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alawady M, Emile SH, Abdelnaby M, Elbanna H, Farid M (2018) Posterolateral versus lateral internal anal sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Colorectal Dis. 33(10):1461\u20131467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-018-3087-6","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"874_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0621-3","volume":"54","author":"G Kiyak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kiyak G, Korukluo\u011flu B, Ku\u015fdemir A, Si\u015fman IC, Erg\u00fcl E (2009) Results of lateral internal sphincterotomy with open technique for chronic anal fissure: evaluation of complications, symptom relief, and incontinence with long-term follow-up. Dig Dis Sci 54(10):2220\u20132224","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"874_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-9162-7","volume":"51","author":"A Renzi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Renzi A, Izzo D, Di Sarno G, Talento P, Torelli F, Izzo G, Di Martino N (2008) Clinical, manometric, and ultrasonographic results of pneumatic balloon dilatation vs. lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum 51(1):121\u2013127","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"1","key":"874_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000000735","volume":"60","author":"DB Stewart Sr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stewart DB Sr, Gaertner W, Glasgow S, Migaly J, Feingold D, Steele SR (2017) Clinical practice guideline for the management of anal fissures. Dis Colon Rectum 60(1):7\u201314","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"4","key":"874_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02235754","volume":"41","author":"J Garc\u00eda-Aguilar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Aguilar J, Belmonte Montes C, Perez JJ, Jensen L, Madoff RD, Wong WD (1998) Incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy: anatomic and functional evaluation. Dis Colon Rectum 41(4):423\u2013427","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"12","key":"874_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-011-1284-7","volume":"26","author":"A Levin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Levin A, Cohen MJ, Mindrul V, Lysy J (2011) Delayed fecal incontinence following surgery for anal fissure. Int J Colorectal Dis 26(12):1595\u20131599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-011-1284-7","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"874_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0b013e31827a7416","volume":"56","author":"SM Murad-Regadas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murad-Regadas SM, Fernandes GO, Regadas FS, Rodrigues LV, Pereira JJ, Regadas Filho FS, Dealcanfreitas ID, Holanda EC (2013) How much of the internal sphincter may be divided during lateral sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure in women? Morphologic and functional evaluation after sphincterotomy. Dis Colon Rectum 56(5):645\u2013651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/DCR.0b013e31827a7416","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"4","key":"874_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.2003.00465.x","volume":"5","author":"G Garcea","year":"2003","unstructured":"Garcea G, Sutton C, Mansoori S, Lloyd T, Thomas M (2003) Results following conservative lateral sphincteromy for the treatment of chronic anal fissures. Colorectal Dis 5(4):311\u2013314","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"874_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800830421","volume":"83","author":"J Oliveira","year":"1996","unstructured":"Oliveira J, Pfeiffer J, Wexner SD (1996) Physiological and clinical outcome of anterior sphincteroplasty. Br J Surg 83:502\u2013505","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"874_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009937","volume":"150","author":"A Paul-Dauphin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Paul-Dauphin A, Guillemin F, Virion JM, Brian\u00e7on S (1999) Bias and precision in visual analogue scales: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Epidemiol 150(10):1117\u20131127","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"874_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-018-0975-3","volume":"124","author":"A Brillantino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brillantino A, Iacobellis F, Reginelli A, Monaco L, Sodano B, Tufano G, Tufano A, Maglio M, De Palma M, Di Martino N, Renzi A, Grassi R (2019) Preoperative assessment of simple and complex anorectal fistulas: tridimensional endoanal ultrasound? Magnetic resonance? Both? Radiol Med 124:339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-018-0975-3","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"874_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-015-2167-0","volume":"30","author":"A Brillantino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brillantino A, Iacobellis F, Di Sarno G, D\u2019Aniello F, Izzo D, Paladino F, De Palma M, Castriconi M, Grassi R, Di Martino N, Renzi A (2015) Role of tridimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS) in the preoperative assessment of perianal sepsis. Int J Colorectal Dis 30(4):535\u2013542. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-015-2167-0","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"874_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-020-01160-8","volume":"125","author":"A Brillantino","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brillantino A, Iacobellis F, Reginelli A, Renzi A, Grassi R (2020) Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound should be considered as first-line diagnostic tool in the preoperative work-up for perianal fistulas: the authors reply to the letter: Mathew RP, Patel V, Low G. Caution in using 3D-EAUS as the first-line diagnostic tool in the preoperative work up for perianal fistulas. Radiol Med 2020;125:155\u2013156. Radiol Med 125(7):695\u2013696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11547-020-01160-8","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"874_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2008.01730.x","volume":"11","author":"I Pinsk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pinsk I, Brown J, Phang PT (2009) Assessment of sonographic quality of anal sphincter muscles in patients with faecal incontinence. Colorectal Dis 11(9):933\u2013940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2008.01730.x","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"874_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0812-8","volume":"48","author":"BB Mente\u015f","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mente\u015f BB, Ege B, Leventoglu S, Oguz M, Karadag A (2005) Extent of lateral internal sphincterotomy: up to the dentate line or up to the fissure apex? Dis Colon Rectum 48:365\u2013370","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"874_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9177-1","volume":"31","author":"MM Elsebae","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elsebae MM (2007) A study of fecal incontinence in patients with chronic anal fissure: prospective, randomized, controlled trial of the extent of internal anal sphincter division during lateral sphincterotomy. World J Surg 31:2052\u20132057","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"874_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.4882","volume":"92","author":"KS Ho","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ho KS, Ho YH (2005) Randomized clinical trial comparing oral nifedipine with lateral anal sphincterotomy and tailored sphincterotomy in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Br J Surg 92:403\u2013408","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"874_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-007-9121-3","volume":"51","author":"BB Mente\u015f","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mente\u015f BB, G\u00fcner MK, Leventoglu S, Aky\u00fcrek N (2008) Fine-tuning of the extent of lateral internal sphincterotomy: spasm-controlled vs. up to the fissure apex. Dis Colon Rectum 51:128\u2013133","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"4","key":"874_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-006-0844-3","volume":"50","author":"CJ Brown","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brown CJ, Dubreuil D, Santoro L, Liu M, O'Connor BI, McLeod RS (2007) Lateral internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerin for healing chronic anal fissure and does not compromise long-term fecal continence: six-year follow-up of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Dis Colon Rectum 50(4):442\u2013448","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"2","key":"874_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000171036.39886.fa","volume":"242","author":"E Ram","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ram E, Alper D, Stein GY, Bramnik Z, Dreznik Z (2005) Internal anal sphincter function following lateral internal sphincterotomy for anal fissure: a long-term manometric study. Ann Surg 242(2):208\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.sla.0000171036.39886.fa","journal-title":"Ann Surg"}],"container-title":["Updates in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13304-020-00874-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13304-020-00874-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13304-020-00874-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T07:57:05Z","timestamp":1633766225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13304-020-00874-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13304-020-00874-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2038-131X","2038-3312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2038-131X","type":"print"},{"value":"2038-3312","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All the authors declare to not have financial interests related to the material in the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The ethical committee of our institution approved the study protocol. All patients gave informed written consent to participate and for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The study involves Human participants and was conducted in conformity with ethical and humane principles of research according with the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and animal rights"}},{"value":"All patients gave informed written consent to be enrolled in the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}