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Evidence on contributing metabolic factors is contradictory. Our work aims to define the role of preoperative 25-hydroxyvitaminD levels in developing transient postoperative hypocalcemia. 183 consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy at our institution (May 2017\u2013December 2019) were included in the retrospective study. We reported gender, age, estimated glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, preoperative 25-hydroxyvitaminD, serum pre- and postoperative calcium,\u00a0pre- and postoperative PTH levels and transient postoperative hypocalcemia occurrences. We compared variables both among patients with and without transient postoperative hypocalcemia and between patients with different 25-hydroxyvitaminD levels (&lt;\u200910\u00a0ng\/ml deficitary; 11\u201330\u00a0ng\/ml insufficient;\u2009&gt;\u200930\u00a0ng\/ml, normal). A binomial logistic regression model evaluating the risk for transient postoperative hypocalcemia was elaborated. Patients with transient postoperative hypocalcemia had lower levels of postoperative PTH (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and more frequently normal or deficitary 25-hydroxyvitaminD levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05). When comparing patients according to their 25-hydroxyvitaminD levels, insufficiency was associated with a lower rate of transient postoperative hypocalcemia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05); deficiency was associated with higher preoperative PTH (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021), postoperative PTH (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.031) and lower serum creatinine (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014). In the regression model higher preoperative PTH (OR\u2009=\u20091.011, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.041) and 25-hydroxyvitaminD deficiency (OR\u2009=\u20090.343, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.011) significantly predicted transient postoperative hypocalcemia. Data analysis revealed a correlation between transient postoperative hypocalcemia and\u00a025-hydroxyvitaminD levels: our work points towards the possibility to stratify the risk of transient postoperative hypocalcemia according to patients\u2019 preoperative 25-hydroxyvitaminD status.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-021-01158-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T09:02:16Z","timestamp":1632646936000},"page":"309-316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Can preoperative 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels predict transient hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Alberto Maria","family":"Saibene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2187-0799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Rosso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Felisati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlotta","family":"Pipolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"De Leo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Lozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario Gennaro","family":"Cozzolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loredana","family":"De Pasquale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1158_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.1998.00004.x","volume":"13","author":"MR Burge","year":"1998","unstructured":"Burge MR, Zeise TM, Johnsen MW, Conway MJ, Qualls CR (1998) Risks of complication following thyroidectomy. 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Non-financial interests: none.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"Appropriate San Paolo Hospital\u2019s institutional review board approval for all human investigations was obtained.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from the participants.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was obtained from the participants.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}