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Retrospective study using the Italian Longitudinal Patient Database on 18\u2009+\u2009years old subjects with AF records during \u2018July 2016\u2013June 2021\u2019 (selection period). Index Date (ID) was the first AF record during selection period. Sub-cohorts were defined by presence\/absence of prescriptions on ID of the combination of topical nifedipine 0.3% and lidocaine 1.5% (NIF\/LID). Patients\u2019 information on the 12-month period before (baseline) and after (follow-up) ID was analyzed. Subjects with AF were 8632: 14.0% had NIF\/LID on ID. Mean age was 52 (\u00b1\u200917.2) years, there were more women in \u2018\u2009&lt;\u200950\u00a0years\u2019 group, and more men in \u201850\u201370\u2019 one. Prevalences of pregnancy and immunodepression were around 5%; most common comorbidities were hypertension (29.6%) and heart disease (13.1%), while constipation and diarrhea were\u2009&lt;\u20095%. Healthcare resources utilization (HRUs) increased during follow-up, but still few patients were prescribed NIF\/LID (2.8%), other treatments for AF (10.3%), or proctological visits (7.7%). NIF\/LID patients were younger (&lt;\u200940\u00a0years people: 30.7% versus 23.9%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), and more likely to have constipation (4.3% versus 2.5%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001); patients without NIF\/LID showed slightly higher prevalences of hypertension (30.0% versus 27.1%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value: 0.039) and depression (4.0% versus**2.5%; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> value: 0.009), and a little higher overall HRUs. Results show that general practitioners are used to manage AF. However, there is still a gap between guidelines\u2019 recommendations and actual management. Educational campaigns on common anal problems in primary care might help further improving AF management and optimizing HRUs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-024-01882-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]],"date-time":"2024-05-26T13:01:27Z","timestamp":1716728487000},"page":"2193-2203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Description and management of patients with anal fissure: insights on Italian primary care setting coming from real-world data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1066-4671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaetano","family":"Gallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Pegoraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Trompetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1882_CR1","first-page":"17","volume":"53","author":"P Perrotti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Perrotti P, Dominici P, Grossi E, Cerutti R, Antropoli C (2010) Topical nifedipine with lidocaine ointment versus active control for pain after hemorrhoidectomy: results of a multicentre, prospective, randomized, double-blind study. 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