{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:39:10Z","timestamp":1792291150979,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005743","name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005743","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Updates Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Early risk stratification in acute pancreatitis is essential to guide clinical management and resource allocation. This study evaluated and compared the performance of the Bedside Index of Severity in Acute Pancreatitis (BISAP) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores in predicting disease severity and in-hospital mortality. We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study including 450 consecutive patients admitted with acute pancreatitis between 2016 and 2025. BISAP and APACHE II scores were calculated within the first 24\u00a0h of admission. Disease severity was classified according to the revised Atlanta classification. Discriminative ability was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis with area under the curve (AUC) comparison. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of severe disease and mortality. The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 9.1%. Both BISAP and APACHE II scores were significantly associated with disease severity and mortality. ROC analysis demonstrated good discriminative performance for both scores, with a trend toward higher accuracy for BISAP (AUC 0.89 vs. 0.82 for mortality;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.08). BISAP showed higher sensitivity and negative predictive value (100%), whereas APACHE II demonstrated lower sensitivity but comparable negative predictive value (97%). On multivariate analysis, BISAP remained a strong independent predictor of mortality (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.65\u20132.68,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and severe disease, alongside age, comorbidities, and fever at admission. APACHE II also showed an independent but weaker association. Both BISAP and APACHE II are effective tools for early risk stratification in acute pancreatitis. BISAP offers high sensitivity and excellent negative predictive value, supporting its role as a practical screening tool at admission, while APACHE II may provide complementary value for risk refinement. These findings support an integrated approach combining simple bedside assessment with comprehensive clinical evaluation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13304-026-02682-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T09:29:59Z","timestamp":1779355799000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Are BISAP and APACHE II scores still useful to identify high-risk patients in acute pancreatitis? A retrospective multicenter analysis on 450 patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3455-0062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Michela","family":"Chiarello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1619-4164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Fico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3080-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filomena","family":"Misuriello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0967-1719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edoardo","family":"Piras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4969-3373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"Fransvea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4596-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giada","family":"Bracalente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3278-2567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Cariati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0324-2430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaia","family":"Altieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8820-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Brisinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2682_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.10.017","volume":"162","author":"AF Peery","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peery AF, Crockett SD, Murphy CC, Jensen ET, Kim HP, Egberg MD, Lund JL, Moon AM, Pate V, Barnes EL, Schlusser CL, Baron TH, Shaheen NJ, Sandler RS (2022) Burden and cost of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the united states: update 2021. Gastroenterology 162(2):621\u2013644","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2682_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Acehan F, Kalkan C, Yilmaz Y, Comoglu M, Kayserili FM, Hayat B, Enli K, Altiparmak E, Ates I (2026) Early predictors of necrosis in patients presenting with edematous acute pancreatitis: prospective validation of the necrosis development score-48 (NDS-48). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbp.70057"},{"issue":"1","key":"2682_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.09.043","volume":"162","author":"JP Iannuzzi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iannuzzi JP, King JA, Leong JH, Quan J, Windsor JW, Tanyingoh D, Coward S, Forbes N, Heitman SJ, Shaheen AA, Swain M, Buie M, Underwood FE, Kaplan GG (2022) Global incidence of acute pancreatitis is increasing over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 162(1):122\u2013134","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10252","key":"2682_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31310-6","volume":"396","author":"L Boxhoorn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boxhoorn L, Voermans RP, Bouwense SA, Bruno MJ, Verdonk RC, Boermeester MA, van Santvoort HC, Besselink MG (2020) Acute pancreatitis. Lancet 396(10252):726\u2013734","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"2682_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e328346e21e","volume":"23","author":"G Brisinda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brisinda G, Vanella S, Crocco A, Mazzari A, Tomaiuolo P, Santullo F, Grossi U, Crucitti A (2011) Severe acute pancreatitis: advances and insights in assessment of severity and management. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 23(7):541\u2013551","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2682_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000264","volume":"114","author":"E Vivian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vivian E, Cler L, Conwell D, Cote GA, Dickerman R, Freeman M, Gardner TB, Hawes RH, Kedia P, Krishnamoorthi R, Oduor H, Pandol SJ, Papachristou GI, Ross A, Sethi A, Varadarajulu S, Vege SS, Wassef W, Wilcox CM, Whitcomb DC, Wu BU, Yadav D, Ellison A, Habash S, Rastegari S, Reddy R, Yen T, Brooks MR, Tarnasky P (2019) Acute pancreatitis task force on quality: development of quality indicators for acute pancreatitis management. Am J Gastroenterol 114(8):1322\u20131342","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2682_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-200211000-00002","volume":"25","author":"C Chatzicostas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chatzicostas C, Roussomoustakaki M, Vlachonikolis IG, Notas G, Mouzas I, Samonakis D, Kouroumalis EA (2002) Comparison of Ranson, APACHE II and APACHE III scoring systems in acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 25(4):331\u2013335","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"1","key":"2682_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000000433","volume":"45","author":"KJ Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee KJ, Kim HM, Choi JS, Kim YJ, Kim YS, Cho JH (2016) Comparison of predictive systems in severe acute pancreatitis according to the revised atlanta classification. Pancreas 45(1):46\u201350","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"4","key":"2682_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2023.04.006","volume":"23","author":"SG Barreto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barreto SG, Kaambwa B, Venkatesh K, Sasson SC, Andersen C, Delaney A, Bihari S, Pilcher D, Collaborative PA (2023) Mortality and costs related to severe acute pancreatitis in the intensive care units of Australia and New Zealand (ANZ), 2003\u20132020. Pancreatology 23(4):341\u2013349","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"20","key":"2682_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1505202","volume":"375","author":"CE Forsmark","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forsmark CE, Vege SS, Wilcox CM (2016) Acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 375(20):1972\u20131981","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2682_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.218","volume":"108","author":"S Tenner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tenner S, Baillie J, DeWitt J, Vege SS (2013) American College of G. American College of Gastroenterology guideline: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 108(9):1400\u201314151416","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2682_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001984","volume":"51","author":"E Vannier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vannier E, Dupont-Lucas C, Lagarde B, Menahem B, Chaigneau T, Piquet MA, Dupont B (2022) Development of a score for predicting severe acute pancreatitis at admission. Pancreas 51(2):128\u2013134","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"issue":"1","key":"2682_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302779","volume":"62","author":"PA Banks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, Gooszen HG, Johnson CD, Sarr MG, Tsiotos GG, Vege SS (2013) Acute pancreatitis classification working G. Classification of acute pancreatitis\u20132012: revision of the Atlanta classification and definitions by international consensus. Gut 62(1):102\u2013111","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"2682_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5290","volume":"93","author":"R Mofidi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mofidi R, Duff MD, Wigmore SJ, Madhavan KK, Garden OJ, Parks RW (2006) Association between early systemic inflammatory response, severity of multiorgan dysfunction and death in acute pancreatitis. Br J Surg 93(6):738\u2013744","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2682_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.010","volume":"139","author":"MS Petrov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petrov MS, Shanbhag S, Chakraborty M, Phillips AR, Windsor JA (2010) Organ failure and infection of pancreatic necrosis as determinants of mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 139(3):813\u2013820","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2682_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2024.10.010","volume":"24","author":"H Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali H, Moond V, Vikash F, Dahiya DS, Gangwani MK, Sohail AH, Chang A, Liu J, Hayat U, Patel P, Khalaf M, Adler DG (2024) Risk score to predict inpatient mortality of acute pancreatitis patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Pancreatology 24(8):1213\u20131218","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2682_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i8.2387","volume":"21","author":"JH Cho","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cho JH, Kim TN, Chung HH, Kim KH (2015) Comparison of scoring systems in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol 21(8):2387\u20132394","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2682_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2015.02.018","volume":"48","author":"DC Kuo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuo DC, Rider AC, Estrada P, Kim D, Pillow MT (2015) Acute pancreatitis: What\u2019s the score? J Emerg Med 48(6):762\u2013770","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2682_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29187","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-15048-y","volume":"15","author":"J Prosenz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Prosenz J, Hadrigan T, Brandl L, Wittmann A, Birkl M, Koutny F, Maieron A (2025) Combining bedside index of severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) and Charlson comorbidity index improves early risk stratification in biliary acute pancreatitis. Sci Rep 15(1):29187","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2682_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/20009666.2017.1361292","volume":"7","author":"S Chandra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chandra S, Murali A, Bansal R, Agarwal D, Holm A (2017) The Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis: a systematic review of prospective studies to determine predictive performance. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 7(4):208\u2013213","journal-title":"J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect"},{"issue":"6","key":"2682_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0130412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0130412","volume":"10","author":"W Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao W, Yang HX, Ma CE (2015) The value of BISAP score for predicting mortality and severity in acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 10(6):e0130412","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"2682_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1080\/00365521.2025.2504077","volume":"60","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Wang Z, Li F, Liu X (2025) Comparison of different scoring systems for predicting 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with acute pancreatitis: a retrospective cohort study. Scand J Gastroenterol 60(6):608\u2013616","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2682_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0335808","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0335808","volume":"20","author":"X Cai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cai X, Jiang X, Nan W, Peng Z, Wu C, Tang K (2025) Blood urea nitrogen to serum albumin ratio predicts 28-day and 90-day mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis: A retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE 20(10):e0335808","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2682_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s13017-019-0247-0","volume":"14","author":"A Leppaniemi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leppaniemi A, Tolonen M, Tarasconi A, Segovia-Lohse H, Gamberini E, Kirkpatrick AW, Ball CG, Parry N, Sartelli M, Wolbrink D, van Goor H, Baiocchi G, Ansaloni L, Biffl W, Coccolini F, Di Saverio S, Kluger Y, Moore E, Catena F (2019) 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Surg 14:27","journal-title":"World J Emerg Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2682_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.03.065","volume":"132","author":"CE Forsmark","year":"2007","unstructured":"Forsmark CE, Baillie J, Practice AGAIC, Economics C, Board AGAIG (2007) AGA Institute technical review on acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 132(5):2022\u20132044","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"2682_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2013.843201","volume":"48","author":"B Andersson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andersson B, Appelgren B, Sjodin V, Ansari D, Nilsson J, Persson U, Tingstedt B, Andersson R (2013) Acute pancreatitis\u2013costs for healthcare and loss of production. Scand J Gastroenterol 48(12):1459\u20131465","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"18","key":"2682_CR27","first-page":"2482","volume":"11","author":"MR Pahomeanu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pahomeanu MR, Constantinescu DI, Diaconu IS, Corbu DG, Negreanu L (2023) Acute pancreatitis-drivers of hospitalisation cost-a seven-year retrospective study from a large tertiary center. Healthc (Basel) 11(18):2482","journal-title":"Healthc (Basel)"},{"key":"2682_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradley EL (2022) 3rd. Predicting clinical severity in acute pancreatitis: addressing the admission dilemma. Pancreas 51(2):114\u2013116","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0000000000001983"},{"issue":"12","key":"2682_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.348","volume":"108","author":"H Nawaz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nawaz H, Mounzer R, Yadav D, Yabes JG, Slivka A, Whitcomb DC, Papachristou GI (2013) Revised Atlanta and determinant-based classification: application in a prospective cohort of acute pancreatitis patients. Am J Gastroenterol 108(12):1911\u20131917","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2682_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl220108","volume":"17","author":"SH Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee SH, Choe JW, Cheon YK, Choi M, Jung MK, Jang DK, Jo JH, Lee JM, Kim EJ, Han SY, Choi YH, Seo HI, Lee DH, Lee HS (2023) Revised clinical practice guidelines of the korean pancreatobiliary association for acute pancreatitis. Gut Liver 17(1):34\u201348","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"issue":"3","key":"2682_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002645","volume":"119","author":"S Tenner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tenner S, Vege SS, Sheth SG, Sauer B, Yang A, Conwell DL, Yadlapati RH, Gardner TB (2024) American College of Gastroenterology Guidelines: Management of Acute Pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 119(3):419\u2013437","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2682_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e1rniczky A, Mik\u00f3 A, Uc A, Singh AN, Elhence A, Saluja A, Masamune A, Abu Dayyeh BK, Davidson B, Wilcox CM, Forsmark C, Whitcomb D, Gunjan D, Yadav D, Cahen D, Nageshwar Reddy D, Adler D, Pleskow D, Mao E-Q, Enrique d-M, Zerem E, Bolado F, Gorelick F, Papachristou G, Cote G, Trikudanathan G, Alguel H, Santvoort H, Buxbaum J, Werner J, Bang JY, Neoptolemos J, Windsor J, Mayerle J, Choi J-H, Overbeek K, Kikuta K, Kitamura K, Frulloni L, K M, Besselink M, Bruno M, Lowe M, Lerch M, Freeman M, L\u00f6hr M, Hirota M, Khashab M, Zyromski N, Guda N, Singh N, Baneerjee N, Bakker OJ, Mentula P, Banks P, Sahni P, Hegyi P, Szatmary P, Garg P, Gupta R, Sharma R, Kochhar R, Sutton R, Cartin-Ceba R, Talukdar R, Agarwal S, Husain S, Vege S, Isaji S, Varadarajulu S, Gamanagatti S, Jagannath S, Rana S, Bouwense S, Pandol S, Kumar S, Chowdhury SD, Lakhtakia S, Chari S, Itoi T, Hackert T, Bollen T, Gress T, Gardner T, Singh V, Dudeja V, Singh V, Rebours V, Park W, Huang W, He W-H, Kang Y-N, Tsuji Y, Takeyama Y (2025) International association of pancreatology revised guidelines on acute pancreatitis 2025: supported and endorsed by the American Pancreatic Association, European Pancreatic Club,Indian Pancreas Club, and Japan Pancreas Society. Pancreatology 25(6): 770-814.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2025.04.020"},{"issue":"4","key":"2682_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastrohep.2019.10.008","volume":"43","author":"E Biberci Keskin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biberci Keskin E, Taslidere B, Kochan K, Gulen B, Ince AT, Senturk H (2020) Comparison of scoring systems used in acute pancreatitis for predicting major adverse events. Gastroenterol Hepatol 43(4):193\u2013199","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2682_CR34","first-page":"297","volume":"16","author":"F Bozorgi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bozorgi F, Hashemi SA, Jahanian F, Baktash K (2025) Investigating the prognostic power of Bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) score. Casp J Intern Med 16(2):297\u2013304","journal-title":"Casp J Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Updates in Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13304-026-02682-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13304-026-02682-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13304-026-02682-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T09:30:17Z","timestamp":1779355817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13304-026-02682-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["2682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13304-026-02682-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2038-131X","2038-3312"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2038-131X","type":"print"},{"value":"2038-3312","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors meet the criteria for authorship and have participated in writing this manuscript. There was no conflict of interest for any of the author. Moreover, none of the authors of the study have received subsidies from Public Bodies or from any other sources for the execution of this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and later versions. This article does not contain any experimental studies with human participants or animal performed by any of the authors. The research protocol has been notified to the local IRB. Ethical review and approval were waived for this study due to the study is a retrospective analysis of deidentified data. During the preparation of this work, the authors did not use any AI tools to improve the language and readability of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}