{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T15:58:58Z","timestamp":1792166338160,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":232,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"APICIL"},{"name":"LABEX CORTEX","award":["ANR-11-LABX-0042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-LABX-0042"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["neurotherapeuticsjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Neurotherapeutics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T12:05:16Z","timestamp":1666267516000},"page":"207-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Better Fields or Currents? A Head-to-Head Comparison of Transcranial Magnetic (rTMS) Versus Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Neuropathic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0940-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie","family":"Andr\u00e9-Obadia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasan","family":"Hodaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enkelejda","family":"Hodaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emile","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Delon-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Garcia-Larrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-9160-6_37","article-title":"Chronic motor cortex stimulation for the treatment of central pain","volume":"52","author":"Tsubokawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.22.07411-1","article-title":"Cortical stimulation for chronic pain: from anecdote to evidence","volume":"58","author":"Garcia-Larrea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13103","article-title":"EAN guidelines on central neurostimulation therapy in chronic pain conditions","volume":"23","author":"Cruccu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib4","first-page":"CD008208","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for chronic pain","volume":"4","author":"O'Connell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001760","article-title":"New procedure of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for central neuropathic pain: a placebo-controlled randomized crossover study","volume":"161","author":"Quesada","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001712","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of 5 daily sessions and continuous trial of 4 weekly sessions of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for neuropathic pain","volume":"161","author":"Hosomi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz290","article-title":"Analgesic effects of directed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in acute neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury","volume":"21","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-021-00270-z","article-title":"Analgesic effects of navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with acute central poststroke pain","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2021.05.022","article-title":"Theta-burst versus 20 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in neuropathic pain: a head-to-head comparison","volume":"132","author":"Andr\u00e9-Obadia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e964","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000964","article-title":"Exploratory study of optimal parameters of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for neuropathic pain in the lower extremities","volume":"13","author":"Mori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3328","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awab208","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for neuropathic pain: a randomized multicentre sham-controlled trial","volume":"144","author":"Attal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib12","series-title":"Evidence brief: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for chronic pain, PTSD, TBI, opioid addiction, and sexual trauma","author":"Anderson","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2020-0054","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex in management of chronic neuropathic pain: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Gatzinsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2019.11.002","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014\u20132018)","volume":"131","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-021-00252-1","article-title":"Analgesic effect of noninvasive brain stimulation for neuropathic pain patients: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2021.07.004","article-title":"French guidelines for neuropathic pain: an update and commentary","volume":"177","author":"Moisset","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(62)90056-0","article-title":"Influence of transcortical d-c currents on cortical neuronal activity","volume":"5","author":"Creutzfeldt","year":"1962","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1964.sp007425","article-title":"The action of brief polarizing currents on the cerebral cortex of the rat","volume":"172","author":"Bindman","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","article-title":"Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"527","author":"Nitsche","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.03.002","article-title":"Clinical research with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): challenges and future directions","volume":"5","author":"Brunoni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"10289","key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00794-7","article-title":"Neuromodulation for chronic pain","volume":"397","author":"Knotkova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E771","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2021.24.E771","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for the management of neuropathic pain: a narrative review","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000510","article-title":"Ciampi De Andrade D, Mhalla A, et al, Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct-current stimulation in neuropathic pain due to radiculopathy: a randomized sham-controlled comparative study","volume":"157","author":"Attal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05254-3","article-title":"Effects of rTMS and tDCS on neuropathic pain after brachial plexus injury: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Bonifacio de Assis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib25","first-page":"1","article-title":"tDCS clinical research - highlights: safety of transcranial Current Stimulation","volume":"01","author":"Ruffini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroelectrics White Paper WP"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.06.017","article-title":"A new definition of neuropathic pain","volume":"152","author":"Jensen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000492","article-title":"Neuropathic pain: an updated grading system for research and clinical practice","volume":"157","author":"Finnerup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000325481.61471.f0","article-title":"Pain relief by rTMS: differential effect of current flow but no specific action on pain subtypes","volume":"71","author":"Andr\u00e9-Obadia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(94)90029-9","article-title":"Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application. Report of an IFCN committee","volume":"91","author":"Rossini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.01.041","article-title":"Quantitative sensory testing in the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS): standardized protocol and reference values","volume":"123","author":"Rolke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-019-00734-3","article-title":"At-home cortical stimulation for neuropathic pain: a feasibility study with initial clinical results","volume":"16","author":"Garcia-Larrea","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"218","key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.05.005","article-title":"Local landmark alignment for high-resolution fMRI group studies: toward a fine cortical investigation of hand movements in human","volume":"15","author":"Pizzagalli","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2007.09.005","article-title":"Interpreting the clinical importance of treatment outcomes in chronic pain clinical trials: IMMPACT recommendations","volume":"9","author":"Dworkin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2020.03.022","article-title":"Long-term treatment of chronic orofacial, pudendal, and central neuropathic limb pain with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex","volume":"131","author":"Hodaj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.09.009","article-title":"Clinically effective treatment of fibromyalgia pain with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation: phase II open-label dose optimization","volume":"17","author":"Castillo-Saavedra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.07.026","article-title":"Reference data for quantitative sensory testing (QST): refined stratification for age and a novel method for statistical comparison of group data","volume":"151","author":"Magerl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1097\/01.j.pain.0000460328.10515.c9","article-title":"Pattern of neuropathic pain induced by topical capsaicin application in healthy subjects","volume":"156","author":"L\u00f6tsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3117","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S186079","article-title":"Patient-delivered tDCS on chronic neuropathic pain in prior responders to TMS (a randomized controlled pilot study)","volume":"11","author":"O'Neill","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.02.008","article-title":"A case of long-term treatment of chronic pain syndrome by anodal tDCS of the motor cortex, previously resistant to high-frequency rTMS and implanted spinal cord stimulation","volume":"9","author":"Hodaj","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.2.1102","article-title":"Dose-dependent reduction of cerebral blood flow during rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human sensorimotor cortex","volume":"79","author":"Paus","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03277.x","article-title":"Functional MRI of the immediate impact of transcranial magnetic stimulation on cortical and subcortical motor circuits","volume":"19","author":"Bestmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000242731.10074.3c","article-title":"Motor cortex rTMS restores defective intracortical inhibition in chronic neuropathic pain","volume":"67","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.04.017","article-title":"Cortical excitability changes after high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for central poststroke pain","volume":"154","author":"Hosomi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313484810","article-title":"Effect of single-session repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over the hand versus leg motor area on pain after spinal cord injury","volume":"27","author":"Jett\u00e9","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.12.022","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induced analgesia depends on N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors","volume":"155","author":"Ciampi de Andrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2019.07.014","article-title":"A practical algorithm for using rTMS to treat patients with chronic pain","volume":"49","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurophysiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.02.012","article-title":"Long-term prophylactic efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation in chronic migraine. A randomised, patient-assessor blinded, sham-controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Hodaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753464","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2021.753464","article-title":"Case report: initial evidence of safety and efficacy of high definition-transcranial direct current stimulation in a patient with neuropathic pain and implanted spinal cord stimulator","volume":"2","author":"Deblieck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e751","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000751","article-title":"Neuroimaging-based biomarkers for pain: state of the field and current directions","volume":"4","author":"van der Miesen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pain Rep"}],"container-title":["Neurotherapeutics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878747923001162?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1878747923001162?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:36:30Z","timestamp":1761806190000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1878747923001162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S1878747923001162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1878-7479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1878-7479","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Better Fields or Currents? A Head-to-Head Comparison of Transcranial Magnetic (rTMS) Versus Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) for Neuropathic Pain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Neurotherapeutics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13311-022-01303-x","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2022 The American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, Inc. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}