{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:51:37Z","timestamp":1791157897759,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetol Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-026-00933-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:07:23Z","timestamp":1791155243000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Responsibility sharing among children with Type 1 Diabetes and their caregivers: a cross-sectional survey from North India using the Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire (DFRQ)."],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Anupama","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latika","family":"Rohilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rupinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amisha","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhor","family":"Kaushal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Kaur Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaspreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Monika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devi","family":"Dayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"933_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01310-2","volume":"16","author":"V Allen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Allen V, Mahieu A, Kasireddy E, Shouman W, Pourrahmat MM, Collet JP, et al. Humanistic burden of pediatric type 1 diabetes on children and informal caregivers: systematic literature reviews. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2024;16:73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01310-2.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"4","key":"933_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-022-00589-8","volume":"13","author":"L Rohilla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rohilla L, Gujjar N, Kaur G, Walia P, Dayal D. Financial burden for families of children with type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional survey from North India. Diabetol Int. 2022;13(4):665\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13340-022-00589-8.","journal-title":"Diabetol Int"},{"key":"933_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109118","volume":"183","author":"K Ogurtsova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ogurtsova K, Guariguata L, Barengo NC, Ruiz PLD, Sacre JW, Karuranga S, et al. IDF diabetes Atlas: global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults for 2021. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109118.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"933_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/26350106211031809","volume":"47","author":"L Rohilla","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rohilla L, Kaur S, Duggal M, Malhi P, Bharti B, Dayal D. Diabetes self-management education and support to improve outcomes for children and young adults with type 1 diabetes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care. 2021;47(5):332\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/26350106211031809.","journal-title":"Sci Diabetes Self Manag Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"933_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2002.02061.x","volume":"37","author":"LS Schilling","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schilling LS, Grey M, Knafl KA. The concept of self-management of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: an evolutionary concept analysis. J Adv Nurs. 2002;37(1):87\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2002.02061.x.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"933_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-011-0222-y","volume":"11","author":"SS Jaser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jaser SS. Family interaction in pediatric diabetes. Curr Diab Rep. 2011;11(6):480\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11892-011-0222-y.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"933_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsm081","volume":"33","author":"VS Helgeson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Helgeson VS, Reynolds KA, Siminerio L, Escobar O, Becker D. Parent and adolescent distribution of responsibility for diabetes self-care: links to health outcomes. J Pediatr Psychol. 2008;33(5):497\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsm081.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"933_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0300055","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300055","volume":"19","author":"M Smudja","year":"2024","unstructured":"Smudja M, Milenkovi\u0107 T, Minakovi\u0107 I, Zdravkovi\u0107 V, Javorac J, Milutinovi\u0107 D. Self-care activities in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(3):e0300055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0300055.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"933_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13428","volume":"23","author":"M de Wit","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Wit M, Gajewska KA, Goethals ER, McDarby V, Zhao X, Hapunda G, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Psychological care of children, adolescents and young adults with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2022;23(8):1373\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pedi.13428.","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"10","key":"933_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsq038","volume":"35","author":"AT Vesco","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vesco AT, Anderson BJ, Laffel LM, Dolan LM, Ingerski LM, Hood KK. Responsibility sharing between adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers: importance of adolescent perceptions on diabetes management and control. J Pediatr Psychol. 2010;35(10):1168\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsq038.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"933_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42555-6","volume":"9","author":"KV Raviteja","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raviteja KV, Kumar R, Dayal D, Sachdeva N. Clinical efficacy of professional continuous glucose monitoring in improving glycemic control among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: an open-label randomized control trial. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):6120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-42555-6.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"933_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.ijem_407_21","volume":"26","author":"M Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma M, Kumar R, Rohilla L, Angrup A, Yadav J, Dayal D. Effect of single use of insulin needle on glycemic control and related complications in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a prospective observational study. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2022;26(2):167\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijem.ijem_407_21.","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"933_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsx081","volume":"43","author":"AM Marker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marker AM, Noser AE, Clements MA, Patton SR. Shared responsibility for type 1 diabetes care is associated with glycemic variability and risk of glycemic excursions in youth. J Pediatr Psychol. 2018;43(1):61\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsx081.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"933_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/15.4.477","volume":"15","author":"BJ Anderson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Anderson BJ, Auslander WF, Jung KC, Miller JP, Santiago JV. Assessing family sharing of diabetes responsibilities. J Pediatr Psychol. 1990;15(4):477\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/15.4.477.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"933_CR15","unstructured":"MAPI Research Institute. Linguistic validation process. 2016. [Internet]. Available from: https:\/\/mapigroup.com\/services\/language-services\/linguistic-validation\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"933_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s13340-022-00609-7","volume":"14","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matsumoto H, Nio K, Kawamura T, Obayashi Y, Hotta Y, Yuyama Y, et al. Perceptions of diabetes management among adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers: development and validation of the Japanese version of the diabetes family responsibility questionnaire. Diabetol Int. 2023;14(2):155\u201364.","journal-title":"Diabetol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"933_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1143","volume":"42","author":"AF Vloemans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vloemans AF, Eilander MMA, Rotteveel J, Bakker-van Waarde WM, Houdijk ECAM, Nuboer R, et al. Youth with type 1 diabetes taking responsibility for self-management: the importance of executive functioning in achieving glycemic control: results from the longitudinal DINO study. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(2):225\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc18-1143.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"933_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12395","DOI":"10.1111\/jspn.12395","volume":"27","author":"P Farthing","year":"2022","unstructured":"Farthing P, Bally J, Rennie DC, Dietrich Leurer M, Holtslander L, Nour MA. Type 1 diabetes management responsibilities between adolescents with T1D and their parents: an integrative review. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2022;27(4):e12395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jspn.12395.","journal-title":"J Spec Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"10","key":"933_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000034","volume":"33","author":"YP Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu YP, Rausch J, Rohan JM, Hood KK, Pendley JS, Delamater A, Drotar D. Autonomy support and responsibility-sharing predict blood glucose monitoring frequency among youth with diabetes. Health Psychol. 2014;33(10):1224\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/hea0000034.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"933_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7166604","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7166604","volume":"2023","author":"KE Karakus","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karakus KE, Sakarya S, Sa\u00dfmann H, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m R, \u00d6zalkak \u015e, \u00d6zbek MN, et al. Disparities in responsibility sharing and gender differences in diabetes care: changes in occupational life of parents of children with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2023;2023:7166604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/7166604.","journal-title":"Pediatr Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"933_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-022-00311-8","volume":"45","author":"A Bolter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bolter A, Main A, Wiebe DJ. Division of type 1 diabetes responsibility in Latinx and Non-latinx white mother-adolescent dyads. J Behav Med. 2022;45(5):782\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10865-022-00311-8.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"933_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsq038","volume":"35","author":"AT Vesco","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vesco AT, Anderson BJ, Laffel LM, Dolan LM, Ingerski LM, Hood KK. Responsibility sharing between adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their caregivers: importance of adolescent perceptions on diabetes management and control. J Pediatr Psychol. 2010;35(10):1168\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsq038.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"933_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13238","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.13238","volume":"50","author":"FY Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin FY, Lee TY. Managing type 1 diabetes of a child. Parents\u2019 Perspect. 2024;50(2):e13238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cch.13238.","journal-title":"Parents\u2019 Perspect"}],"container-title":["Diabetology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13340-026-00933-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13340-026-00933-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13340-026-00933-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T23:07:24Z","timestamp":1791155244000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13340-026-00933-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["933"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13340-026-00933-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2190-1678","2190-1686"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-1678","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-1686","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"No conflict of interest has been declared by the author(s).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"<b>Conflict of interest<\/b>","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The protocol of this study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, an independent body of the PGIMER, Chandigarh, India, ((NINE\/PGI\/2024\/0466 dated March 20, 2024).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was taken from all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"79"}}