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Reduction in 24-h urinary albumin excretion rate, glomerular basement membrane thickness, foot process width, and renal oxidative stress markers was also demonstrated in the AuNP-treated group. In addition, the results showed downregulation effect of AuNPs in renal mRNA or protein expression of transforming growth factor \u03b21 (TGF-\u03b2<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), fibronectin, collagen IV, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Moreover, the protein expression of nephrin and podocin, podocyte markers, in glomeruli was increased in the AuNPs + D group compared with the D group. These results provide evidence that 50-nm AuNPs can ameliorate renal damage in experimental models of diabetic nephropathy through improving the renal function and downregulating extracellular matrix protein accumulation, along with inhibiting renal oxidative stress and amelioration of podocyte injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-019-00675-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T17:49:52Z","timestamp":1571680192000},"page":"216-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Gold nanoparticles attenuate albuminuria by inhibiting podocyte injury in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ghada","family":"Alomari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahaa","family":"Al-Trad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salehhuddin","family":"Hamdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Aljabali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazhar","family":"Al-Zoubi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nesreen","family":"Bataineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janti","family":"Qar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8499-9891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murtaza M.","family":"Tambuwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"675_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7047238","volume":"2016","author":"AG Miranda-D\u00edaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miranda-D\u00edaz AG, Pazar\u00edn-Villase\u00f1or L, Yanowsky-Escatell FG, Andrade-Sierra J. 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