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The researchers followed rigorous evaluation procedures to ensure the ethical treatment of animals and the compliance with relevant regulations and guidelines. A total of 48 female BALB\/c mice, aged 8 to 12\u00a0weeks, with a body weight between 18 to 22\u00a0g, were used in the study. The mice were housed under specific conditions, including a 12-h dark\u2013light cycle and a constant temperature of (26\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u2103). They had unrestricted access to water and standard laboratory chow. A one-week adaptation period was provided before conducting the experiments. The animals were anesthetized using 4% chloral hydrate administered via intraperitoneal injection and euthanized at the end of the experiment. To minimize animal suffering and ensure their welfare, the researchers adhered to the Animal Management Rules of the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China (Document no. 55, 2001). The researchers made efforts to reduce the number of animals used in the experiments while ensuring the reliability and statistical significance of the results. They also followed the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines, which provide recommendations for reporting animal experiments. By obtaining ethical approval, adhering to regulations, and following guidelines, the researchers maintained the ethical standards necessary for conducting the animal experiments in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval statement"}},{"value":"The authors report there are no competing interests to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}