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Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) has become a leading causative pathogen of nosocomial pneumonia with an alarming in-hospital mortality rate of 30%. Last resort antibiotic, vancomycin, has been increasingly used to treat MRSA infections, but the rapid emergence of vancomycin-resistant strains urges the development of alternative treatment strategies against MRSA-associated pneumonia. The bacteriolytic enzyme, lysostaphin, targeting the cell wall peptidoglycan of <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>, has been considered as a promising alternative for MRSA infections. Its proteinaceous nature is likely benefit from direct delivery to the lungs, but the challenges for successful pulmonary delivery of lysostaphin lying on a suitable inhalation device and a formulation with sufficient storage stability. In this study, the applicability of a vibrating mesh nebulizer (Aerogen Solo<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>) and a soft mist inhaler (Respimat<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>) was investigated. Both devices were capable of aerosolizing lysostaphin solution into inhalable droplets and caused minimum antibacterial activity loss. In addition, lysostaphin stabilized with phosphate-buffered saline and 0.1% Tween 80 was proved to have acceptable stability for at least 12 months when stored at 4 \u00b0C. These promising data encourage further clinical development of lysostaphin for management of MRSA-associated lung infections.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p><jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p>\n                \n                <jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>Lysostaphin had insignificant activity loss after aerosol generation by a vibrating mesh nebulizer and a soft mist inhaler.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>Most of the lysostaphin aerosols generated by the vibrating mesh nebulizer and soft mist inhaler are inhalable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>The vibrating mesh nebulizer and soft mist inhaler are suitable device for pulmonary delivery of lysostaphin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                <\/jats:list><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01518-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T14:02:48Z","timestamp":1705500168000},"page":"2433-2443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Storage stability of lysostaphin solution and its pulmonary delivery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ping","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho Wan","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shing Fung","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny Ka Wing","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0194-7058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon Shui Yee","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1518_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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