{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T18:39:33Z","timestamp":1784227173818,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education - Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Drug Deliv. and Transl. Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cataract surgery is followed by post-operative eye drops for a duration of 4\u20136 weeks. The multitude of ocular barriers, coupled with the discomfort experienced by both the patient and their relatives in frequently administering eye drops, significantly undermines patient compliance, ultimately impeding the recovery of the patient. This study aimed to design and develop an ocular drug delivery system as an effort to achieve a drop-free post-operative care after cataract surgery. An implant was prepared containing a biodegradable polymer Poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), Dexamethasone (DEX) as an anti-inflammatory drug, and Moxifloxacin(MOX) as an antibiotic. Implant characterization and drug loading analysis were conducted. In vitro drug release profile showed that the release of the two drugs are correlated with the clinical prescription for post operative eye drops. In vivo study was conducted on New Zealand albino rabbits where one eye underwent cataract surgery, and the drug delivery implant was inserted into the capsular bag after placement of the synthetic intraocular lens (IOL). Borderline increase in the intraocular pressure (IOP) was noted in the test sample group. Slit-lamp observations revealed no significant anterior chamber reaction in all study groups. Histopathology study of the operated eye revealed no significant pathology in the test samples. This work aims at developing the intra ocular drug delivery implant which will replace the post-operative eye drops and help the patient with the post-operative hassle of eye drops.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>\n                      Graphical abstract\n                      <jats:sub>(created using BioRender.com)<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01604-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T11:01:32Z","timestamp":1714647692000},"page":"508-522","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development of a biodegradable polymer-based implant to release dual drugs for post-operative management of cataract surgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nayana E-","family":"Subhash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srilatha Parampalli","family":"Srinivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagarajan","family":"Theruveethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulatha V-","family":"Bhandary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2542-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"BharathRaja","family":"Guru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1604_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11973","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38229-z","volume":"13","author":"J Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan J, Shaw S. Risk of cataract and glaucoma among older persons with diabetes in India: a cross-sectional study based on LASI, Wave-1. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):11973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-38229-z.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1604_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2020_22","volume":"71","author":"D Sarkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sarkar D, Sharma R, Singh P, et al. Age-related cataract - prevalence, epidemiological pattern and emerging risk factors in a cross-sectional study from Central India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023;71:1905\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2020_22.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1604_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7","volume":"9","author":"RRA Bourne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bourne RRA, Steinmetz JD, Saylan M, et al. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the right to Sight: an analysis for the global burden of Disease Study. Lancet Global Health. 2021;9(2):144\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30489-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"1604_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12355","volume":"67","author":"H Abdelkader","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdelkader H, Alany RG, Pierscionek B. Age-related cataract and drug therapy: opportunities and challenges for topical antioxidant delivery to the lens. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2015;67:537\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jphp.12355.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"key":"1604_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000156","volume":"4","author":"S Cetinel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cetinel S, Montemagno C. Nanotechnology for the prevention and treatment of cataract. Asia-Pacific J Ophthalmol. 2015;4:381\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/APO.0000000000000156.","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1604_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13070976","volume":"13","author":"N Toffoletto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toffoletto N, Salema-Oom M, Igea SA, et al. Drug-loaded hydrogels for intraocular lenses with prophylactic action against pseudophakic cystoid macular edema. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13:976. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics13070976.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1604_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.12.028","volume":"558","author":"A Topete","year":"2019","unstructured":"Topete A, Serro AP, Saramago B. Dual drug delivery from intraocular lens material for prophylaxis of endophthalmitis in cataract surgery. Int J Pharm. 2019;558:43\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.12.028.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"1604_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13101698","volume":"13","author":"A L\u00f3pez-Machado","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Machado A, D\u00edaz-Garrido N, Cano A, et al. Development of lactoferrin-loaded liposomes for the management of dry eye disease and ocular inflammation. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13:1698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics13101698.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1604_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karnik I, Youssef AAA, Joshi P, et al. Formulation development and characterization of dual drug loaded hot-melt extruded inserts for better ocular therapeutic outcomes: Sulfacetamide\/prednisolone. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2023;84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104558.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104558"},{"key":"1604_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.1986.2.67","volume":"2","author":"VHL Lee","year":"1986","unstructured":"Lee VHL, Robinson JR. Review: topical ocular drug delivery: recent developments and Future challenges. J Ocul Pharmacol. 1986;2:67\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jop.1986.2.67.","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol"},{"key":"1604_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pai SG, Kamath SJ, Kedia V, Pai A. Cataract surgery in camp patients: a study on visual outcomes. Nepal J Ophthalmol. 3(2): 159\u201364.","DOI":"10.3126\/nepjoph.v3i2.5270"},{"key":"1604_CR12","unstructured":"Guidelines for the Management of Cataract in India A VISION 2020. The Right to Sight INDIA Publication, New Delhi; 2011."},{"key":"1604_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.42774","volume":"56","author":"GVS Murthy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murthy GVS, Gupta SK, John N, Vashist P. Current status of cataract blindness and vision 2020: the right to sight initiative in India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2008;56:489\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0301-4738.42774.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1604_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1893_22","volume":"71","author":"CS Amrutkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amrutkar CS, Patil SB. Nanocarriers for ocular drug delivery: recent advances and future opportunities. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023;71:2355\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijo.ijo_1893_22.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1604_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deepasree Advancements in Ocular in Situ Gelling System to Overcome Ocular Barriers. Int J Pharm Res Appl 8:1760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35629\/7781-080317601776.","DOI":"10.35629\/7781-080317601776"},{"key":"1604_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gade SK, Nirmal J, Garg P, Venuganti VVK. Corneal delivery of moxifloxacin and dexamethasone combination using drug-eluting mucoadhesive contact lens to treat ocular infections. Int J Pharm. 2020;591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.120023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.120023"},{"key":"1604_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80476-x","volume":"11","author":"T Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan T, Ma Z, Liu J, et al. Thermoresponsive GenisteinNLC-dexamethasone-moxifloxacin multi drug delivery system in lens capsule bag to prevent complications after cataract surgery. Sci Rep. 2021;11:181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-80476-x.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1604_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.3797\/scipharm.1204-16","volume":"81","author":"M Mudgil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mudgil M, Pawar PK. Preparation and in Vitro\/Ex vivo evaluation of moxifloxacin-loaded PLGA nanosuspensions for ophthalmic application. Sci Pharm. 2013;81:591\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3797\/scipharm.1204-16.","journal-title":"Sci Pharm"},{"key":"1604_CR19","first-page":"415","volume":"35","author":"J Pinto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinto J, Rao Addoor K, Raja Guru B. An Intraocular Lens-based Biodegradable Drug Delivery System for the treatment of post-cataract inflammation. Trends Biomater Artif Organs. 2021;35:415\u201323.","journal-title":"Trends Biomater Artif Organs"},{"key":"1604_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.01.007","volume":"167","author":"SR Chennamaneni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chennamaneni SR, Mamalis C, Archer B, et al. Development of a novel bioerodible dexamethasone implant for uveitis and postoperative cataract inflammation. J Controlled Release. 2013;167:53\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2013.01.007.","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"1604_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.05.039","volume":"306","author":"C Bode","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bode C, Kranz H, Fivez A, et al. Often neglected: PLGA\/PLA swelling orchestrates drug release: HME implants. J Controlled Release. 2019;306:97\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.05.039.","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"1604_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.3390\/polym3031377","volume":"3","author":"HK Makadia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Makadia HK, Siegel SJ. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) as biodegradable controlled drug delivery carrier. Polym (Basel). 2011;3:1377\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym3031377.","journal-title":"Polym (Basel)"},{"key":"1604_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.11.052","volume":"353","author":"C Bassand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bassand C, Benabed L, Charlon S, et al. 3D printed PLGA implants: APF DDM vs. FDM. J Controlled Release. 2023;353:864\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.11.052.","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"1604_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.12.030","volume":"342","author":"H Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park H, Otte A, Park K. Evolution of drug delivery systems: from 1950 to 2020 and beyond. J Controlled Release. 2022;342:53\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.12.030.","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"1604_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104648","volume":"86","author":"S Wachowiak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wachowiak S, Danede F, Willart JF, et al. PLGA implants for controlled dexamethasone delivery: impact of the polymer chemistry. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2023;86:104648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104648.","journal-title":"J Drug Deliv Sci Technol"},{"key":"1604_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104648","volume":"364","author":"C Wischke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wischke C, Schwendeman SP. Principles of encapsulating hydrophobic drugs in PLA\/PLGA microparticles. Int J Pharm. 2008;364:298\u2013327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jddst.2023.104648.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"1604_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Y, Qin B, Xia G, Choi SH. FDA\u2019s poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic acid) Research Program and Regulatory outcomes. AAPS J. 2021;23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.04.042.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.04.042"},{"key":"1604_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Costello MA, Liu J, Wang Y, et al. Reverse engineering the Ozurdex dexamethasone intravitreal implant. Int J Pharm. 2023;634. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122625.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122625"},{"key":"1604_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1802-x","volume":"250","author":"D Pardo-L\u00f3pez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pardo-L\u00f3pez D, Franc\u00e9s-Mu\u00f1oz E, Gallego-Pinazo R, D\u00edaz-Llopis M. Anterior chamber migration of dexametasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex\u00ae). Graefe\u2019s Archive Clin Experimental Ophthalmol. 2012;250:1703\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-011-1802-x.","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Archive Clin Experimental Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1604_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00839-9","volume":"108","author":"DTH Tan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tan DTH, Chee S, Lim L, et al. Randomized Clinical Trial of Surodex Steroid Anterior versus posterior Placement of two Surodex in. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:2172\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00839-9.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1604_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-315911","volume":"105","author":"CW Wong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong CW, Metselaar JM, Storm G, Wong TT. A review of the clinical applications of drug delivery systems for the treatment of ocular anterior segment inflammation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021;105:1617\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-315911.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1604_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wormstone IM, Wormstone YM, Smith AJO, Eldred JA. Posterior capsule opacification: what\u2019s in the bag? Prog Retin Eye Res. 2021;82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100905.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2020.100905"},{"key":"1604_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33249-X","volume":"94","author":"SF Kao","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kao SF, Lichter PR, Bergstrom TJ, et al. Clinical comparison of the Oculab Tono-Pen to the Goldmann Applanation Tonometer. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:1541\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33249-X.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1604_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matter B, Ghaffari A, Bourne D, et al. Dexamethasone Degradation in Aqueous Medium and implications for correction of in Vitro Release from Sustained Release Delivery systems. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2019;20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-019-1508-7.","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-019-1508-7"},{"key":"1604_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.2174\/1874364101004010052","volume":"4","author":"M Goel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goel M, Picciani RG, Lee RK, Bhattacharya SK. Aqueous humor dynamics: a review. Open Opthalmology J. 2010;4:52\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874364101004010052.","journal-title":"Open Opthalmology J"},{"key":"1604_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1007\/s12247-021-09600-2","volume":"17","author":"MG Veeran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Veeran MG, Thomas RR, Ramakrishnan R, et al. Quality-by-Design Approach for optimization and Processing of PLGA Polymer Film by Hot Melt Extrusion. J Pharm Innov. 2022;17:1282\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12247-021-09600-2.","journal-title":"J Pharm Innov"},{"key":"1604_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharma.2017.09.002","volume":"76","author":"R Kamel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kamel R, Abbas H. PLGA-based monolithic filaments prepared by hot-melt extrusion: In-vitro comparative study. Ann Pharm Fr. 2018;76:97\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharma.2017.09.002.","journal-title":"Ann Pharm Fr"},{"key":"1604_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2003.08.028","volume":"30","author":"AC Wadood","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wadood AC, Armbrecht AM, Aspinall PA, Dhillon B. Safety and efficacy of a dexamethasone anterior segment drug delivery system in patients after phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2004;30:761\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2003.08.028.","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"1604_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-010-0232-5","volume":"27","author":"M K\u00f6rber","year":"2010","unstructured":"K\u00f6rber M. PLGA erosion: solubility- or diffusion-controlled? Pharm Res. 2010;27:2414\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11095-010-0232-5.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"1604_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00945","volume":"20","author":"I Saraf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saraf I, Kushwah V, Alva C, et al. Influence of PLGA End groups on the Release Profile of Dexamethasone from Ocular implants. Mol Pharm. 2023;20:1307\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00945.","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"1604_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00170-9","volume":"23","author":"F Von Burkersroda","year":"2002","unstructured":"Von Burkersroda F, Schedl L, Opferich AG. Why degradable polymers undergo surface erosion or bulk erosion. Biomaterials. 2002;23:4221\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00170-9.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"1604_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2023.04.003","volume":"187","author":"MA Costello","year":"2023","unstructured":"Costello MA, Liu J, Chen B, et al. Drug release mechanisms of high-drug-load, melt-extruded dexamethasone intravitreal implants. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2023;187:46\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2023.04.003.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"1604_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S307194","volume":"15","author":"C Blizzard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Blizzard C, McLaurin EB, Driscoll A, et al. Plasma pharmacokinetic parameters of dexamethasone following administration of a dexamethasone intracanalicular insert in healthy adults. Clin Ophthalmol. 2021;15:2055\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S307194.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"318","key":"1604_CR44","first-page":"070B2","volume":"8","author":"J-G Shiah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shiah J-G, Bhagat R, Blanda WM, et al. Ocular implant made by a double extrusion process. US Patent. 2012;8(318):070B2.","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"1604_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.2174\/1871527315666151110124957","volume":"15","author":"Y Zernii","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zernii Y, Baksheeva EE, Iomdina VN E, et al. Rabbit models of ocular diseases: New Relevance for classical approaches. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2016;15:267\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871527315666151110124957.","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"key":"1604_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1963.00960050484010","volume":"70","author":"MF Armaly","year":"1963","unstructured":"Armaly MF. Effect of corticosteroids on intraocular pressure and Fluid dynamics: I.The Effect of Dexamethasone* in the eye. Arch Ophthalmol. 1963;70:88\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.1963.00960050484010.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1604_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6496","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5430","volume":"51","author":"N Andrew Whitlock","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andrew Whitlock N, Mcknight B, Corcoran KN, et al. Increased intraocular pressure in mice treated with dexamethasone. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:6496\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.10-5430.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1604_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wykrota AA, Abdin AD, Munteanu C et al. (2023) Incidence and treatment approach of intraocular pressure elevation after various types of local steroids for retinal diseases. Graefe\u2019s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-023-06163-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06163-5"},{"key":"1604_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-014-1410-7","volume":"31","author":"SR Chennamaneni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chennamaneni SR, Bohner A, Bernhisel A, Ambati BK. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of bioerodible dexamethasone implant in Concanavalin a-induced uveitic cataract rabbit model. Pharm Res. 2014;31:3179\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11095-014-1410-7.","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"1604_CR50","unstructured":"Chasin Mark, Langer RS. (1990) Biodegradable polymers as drug delivery systems. Volume 45. New York: M. Dekker; 1990."}],"container-title":["Drug Delivery and Translational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13346-024-01604-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13346-024-01604-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13346-024-01604-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,29]],"date-time":"2024-12-29T18:02:32Z","timestamp":1735495352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13346-024-01604-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1604"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13346-024-01604-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3987612\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2190-393X","2190-3948"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2190-393X","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-3948","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 April 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All institutional and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals were followed. The approval was granted by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (AIEC) of Kasturba Medical College, Manipal (IAEC\/KMC\/36\/2018).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All the authors have approved the final manuscript and agreed for its publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}