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Subsequently, the study evaluated whether the sterilization process had any effect on the nanoparticles and encapsulated growth factors by assessing their physicochemical properties, toxicity, release profiles and bioactivity. The treatment with 12\u00a0kGy of beta radiation successfully sterilized the batch of nanoparticles without inducing any changes in the physicochemical properties. In addition, the release profile of VEGF165 remained unchanged, although a slight decrease was observed in the case of PDGF-BB. The biological activity of the growth factors showed a slight decrease, with the most effective concentrations being 5 ng\/mL for VEGF165 and 50 ng\/mL for PDGF-BB. Taken together, these findings suggest that the nanoparticles loaded with VEGF165 and PDGF-BB can be successfully sterilized while retaining both their properties and biological activity. These nanoparticles may offer a promising new approach for the treatment of osteoarticular diseases by enhancing vascularization and promoting cellular proliferation in the affected tissue.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-025-01829-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T14:19:05Z","timestamp":1741702745000},"page":"3716-3736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of beta and gamma radiation sterilization on growth factor-loaded nanoparticles: an innovative approach for osteoarticular disorders treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Ordoyo-Pascual","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Ruiz-Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idoia","family":"Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Saenz-del-Burgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Pedraz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1829_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Han J, Luo J, Wang C, Kapilevich L, Zhang Xan. 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