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Then, the formed particles' hydrodynamic size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential were\u00a0characterised using a Zetasizer Nano ZS. Furthermore, the drug release kinetics and cytotoxicity effects were evaluated using the dialysis method and the MTT assay. Hybrid AuNPs formed by the electrospray method (HAES) exhibit smaller particle sizes at 147.00\u2009\u00b1\u200910.4\u00a0nm with a PDI value of 0.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.01 and zeta potential of -31.5\u2009\u00b1\u20092.6 compared to hybrid AuNPs formed using double emulsion methods (HADE) which exhibit larger particle sizes of 287.47\u2009\u00b1\u20091.87\u00a0nm with PDI value of 0.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09 and zeta potential of -23.30\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6. This study suggests that HAES prevent burst effects during drug release due to polymer composition changes under different temperatures that can enhance the drug delivery system. From the MTT assay, at 50\u00a0mg\u00a0mL<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, the HAES exert higher toxicity effects of 50% compared to HADE due to different physicochemical characteristics and drug release patterns. These findings emphasise the advantage of the electrospray method in fabricating polymeric gold hybrid nanoparticles by forming smaller particle sizes, stable formulation, and higher toxicity to cancer cells compared to particle synthesis by the double emulsion method.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-025-01884-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T09:38:27Z","timestamp":1749029907000},"page":"3969-3985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gemcitabine-loaded poly (lactide-co-glycolide) \u2013 poly (ethylene glycol) gold nanoparticles: Evaluating the effect of fabricating methods on physicochemical characteristics, in vitro drug release and cytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Adibah","family":"Shakri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khairunnisa","family":"Mohd Paad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norazalina","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2778-8817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izzat Fahimuddin","family":"Mohamed Suffian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1884_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.120043","volume-title":"Recent advances and prospects in gemcitabine drug delivery systems","author":"S Paroha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Paroha S, Verma J, Dubey RD, Dewangan RP, Molugulu N, Bapat RA, et al. 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