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Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) remain a serious complication following hip and knee arthroplasty, affecting 1\u20135% of patients in developed countries and posing significant challenges to patients, clinicians, and healthcare systems. Conventional prophylactic strategies, such as antibiotic-loaded bone cement, suffer from limited post-implantation drug release and potential compromise of mechanical integrity. To overcome these limitations, we developed a personalized, 3D-printed implant designed to integrate with the acetabular component of joint prostheses. These implants deliver either monotherapy or a combination of amphotericin B (AmB) and vancomycin (VAN), targeting both fungal and bacterial pathogens. Fabricated via fused deposition modeling using a biocompatible polyvinyl alcohol\u2013polyethylene glycol (PVA\u2013PEG) matrix, the implants enable passive drug loading and rapid adhesion to prosthetic surfaces within 60\u00a0s, minimizing operative time. In vitro testing confirmed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C. krusei<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). VAN was released rapidly, while AmB exhibited sustained release for up to 10\u00a0h, with both maintaining saturation solubility for 48\u00a0h. Notably, AmB-loaded implants showed five-fold lower hemolytic toxicity compared to free drug. These results highlight the potential of 3D-printed, drug-eluting implants as a clinically viable solution for the prevention and early treatment of PJIs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-025-01934-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T15:13:32Z","timestamp":1755184412000},"page":"1333-1348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Antimicrobial 3D printed implants for periprosthetic joint infections"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Yuste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francis C.","family":"Luciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmina","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bianca I.","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chrysi","family":"Rapti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brayan J.","family":"Anaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Lalatsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Almudena","family":"Ribed-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Sanz-Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Burgos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0475-8420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dolores R.","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1934_CR1","unstructured":"OECD. 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