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The authors confirmed that all in vivo experiments complied with the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) guidelines, ensuring scientific rigour, reproducibility and ethical compliance. The study protocol adhered to the Regulations on the Management of Laboratory Animals (Order No. 14 of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China) and the Guidelines for the Humane Treatment of Laboratory Animals. It was also approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ethics Review Number: 20230179). A total of 36 female Wistar rats (6\u20138\u00a0weeks old, weighing 200\u2009\u00b1\u200920\u00a0g) were acclimatised in an SPF-grade animal facility for seven days prior to the experiment. The environmental conditions were a 12-h light\/dark cycle, a temperature of 22\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00a0\u00b0C, a relative humidity of 50\u2009\u00b1\u200910%, and free access to food and water. All procedures were performed by trained personnel in accordance with the principles of randomisation and blinded assessment. During the experiment, the animals' behaviour, diet and weight changes were observed daily and any abnormal reactions were recorded to minimise distress. The study protocol adhered to the \u20183R principles\u2019, scientifically determining the number of animals used to minimise both their number and distress. At the end of the experimental period (day 30), the rats were euthanised using a carbon dioxide asphyxiation method approved for ethical use, carried out by trained personnel to ensure pain-free euthanasia.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All authors approved the final manuscript and the submission to this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}