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Macroscopically, the uterus and fallopian tubes appeared normal, while both ovaries were diffusely altered. At histology, the ovarian parenchyma was almost completely effaced by a diffuse hyperplasia of theca cells with atretic primary follicles. Chromosome analysis showed pure (non-mosaic) X monosomy (77,X). This finding was confirmed by the highly sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) approach. Despite the observed virilization, molecular analysis did not show the presence of Y-linked genes (<jats:italic>SRY<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>ZFY<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>TSPY1<\/jats:italic>) in the blood cells or ovary tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of X monosomy in a dog associated with virilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13353-022-00739-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]],"date-time":"2022-11-28T07:05:10Z","timestamp":1669619110000},"page":"169-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Non-mosaic X monosomy (77,X) in a female dog with signs of virilization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Izabela","family":"Szczerbal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilian","family":"Malek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Rigillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lukomska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamil","family":"Kacprzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Nowacka-Woszuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Stachowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mehmet O.","family":"Aksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2539-9508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marek","family":"Switonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"739_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E00084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crwh.2018.e00084","volume":"21","author":"JC Dawkins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dawkins JC, Carpinello O, Hill M, DeCherney AH (2018) Phenotypic variations in X chromosome mutations Two case reports. 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