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EC incidence rate is increasing rapidly. Apart from the classical, we should consider angiogenesis and hypoxia-related genes as a reason for EC manifestation and progression. We compared the patterns of\n                    <jats:italic>HIF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>EPAS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>VEGFA<\/jats:italic>\n                    (genes of interest \u2013 GOIs) mRNA expression in 92 cases.\n                    <jats:italic>HIF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>VEGFA<\/jats:italic>\n                    levels were higher in EC patients than in controls.\n                    <jats:italic>VEGFA<\/jats:italic>\n                    differed significantly between controls and both tumor grades G2 and G3, and we observed a positive correlation for\n                    <jats:italic>HIF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>VEGFA<\/jats:italic>\n                    with EC grading.\n                    <jats:italic>VEGFA<\/jats:italic>\n                    levels were significantly higher in post-menopausal compared to pre-menopausal patients. All GOIs demonstrated strong correlations in pre-menopausal cases and weak correlations in post-menopausal cases. A positive correlation was observed in pre-menopausal controls for all GOIs and in post-menopausal patients for only\n                    <jats:italic>EPAS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>VEGFA<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>HIF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>EPAS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    positively correlated with\n                    <jats:italic>VEGFA<\/jats:italic>\n                    in post-menopausal EC cases. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that menopause, body mass index (BMI), and\n                    <jats:italic>HIF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression are significant stimulating factors for EC occurrence.\n                    <jats:italic>HIF1A<\/jats:italic>\n                    levels were higher in EC patients after BMI and comorbidity number adjustment. The gene-to-gene relation could be seen as either a diagnostic or a therapeutic target in EC. Physicians should inform patients about modifiable risk factors such as BMI. Second, more attention should be paid to diagnosing patients with comorbidities in older age and after menopause. These factors should be considered in designing angiogenesis and hypoxia-related gene-targeting therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13353-025-00939-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T02:40:16Z","timestamp":1738291216000},"page":"139-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["HIF1A, EPAS1, and VEGFA: angiogenesis and hypoxia-related gene expression in endometrium and endometrial epithelial tumors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1110-8693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Englert-Golon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0091-6492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Tok\u0142owicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6891-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"\u017bbikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8641-4188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Sajdak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9802-374X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Kotwicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-6802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Jagodzi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0534-8941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrzej","family":"P\u0142awski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8781-3447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miros\u0142aw","family":"Andrusiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"939_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000251","volume":"26","author":"M Akhtar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Akhtar M, Al Hyassat S, Elaiwy O et al (2019) Classification of endometrial carcinoma: new perspectives beyond morphology. 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