{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:24:03Z","timestamp":1790774643059,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016209","name":"Bilimsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Projeleri, Erciyes \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TTU-2023-12680"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TTU-2023-12680"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Appl Genetics"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s13353-026-01106-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T01:05:24Z","timestamp":1786496724000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Investigation of testicular METRNL and RARRES2 expression in non-obstructive azoospermia"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Firat","family":"Ozcelik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilal","family":"Akalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izem Olcay","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emre Can","family":"Akinsal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hulya","family":"Akgun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Munis","family":"Dundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oguz","family":"Ekmekcioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Ozkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1106_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32667-2","volume":"397","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Baskaran S, Parekh N et al (2021) Male infertility. Lancet 397:319\u2013333","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1106_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alizadeh H (2022) Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl): a metabolic syndrome biomarker and an exercise mediator. Cytokine 157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2022.155952"},{"key":"1106_CR3","first-page":"176","volume":"22","author":"CM Apovian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Apovian CM (2016) Obesity: definition, comorbidities, causes, and burden. Am J Manag Care 22:176\u2013185","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"1106_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2023.2176268","volume":"69","author":"G Balagannavar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Balagannavar G, Basavaraju K, Bajpai AK et al (2023) Transcriptomic analysis of the Non-Obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) to address gene expression regulation in human testis. Syst Biol Reprod Med 69:196\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19396368.2023.2176268","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"1106_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bobjer J, Katrinaki M, Dermitzaki E et al (2018) Serum chemerin levels are negatively associated with male fertility and reproductive hormones. Hum Reprod 33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dey310","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey310"},{"key":"1106_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boutari C, Mantzoros CS (2022) A 2022 update on the epidemiology of obesity and a call to action: as its twin COVID-19 pandemic appears to be receding, the obesity and dysmetabolism pandemic continues to rage on. Metabolism. 133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2022.155217"},{"key":"1106_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4687","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0175","volume":"148","author":"K Bozaoglu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bozaoglu K, Bolton K, McMillan J et al (2007) Chemerin is a novel adipokine associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Endocrinology 148:4687\u20134694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2007-0175","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1106_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buechler C, Feder S, Haberl EM, Aslanidis C (2019) Chemerin isoforms and activity in obesity. Int J Mol Sci 20","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051128"},{"key":"1106_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","volume":"55","author":"SA Bustin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bustin SA, Benes V, Garson JA et al (2009) The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments. Clin Chem 55:611\u2013622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"1106_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xfss.2024.10.008","volume":"6","author":"A Chatziparasidou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chatziparasidou A, Sarafidou T, Kyrgiafini M-A et al (2025) Unraveling the genetic basis of azoospermia: transcriptome profiling analyses in a Greek population. F&S Sci 6:16\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xfss.2024.10.008","journal-title":"F&S Sci"},{"key":"1106_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.09.005","volume":"92","author":"YC Chooi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chooi YC, Ding C, Magkos F (2019) The epidemiology of obesity. Metabolism 92:6\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.09.005","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"1106_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4111\/icu.2020.61.4.355","volume":"61","author":"F Del Giudice","year":"2020","unstructured":"Del Giudice F, Kasman AM, Ferro M et al (2020) Clinical correlation among male infertility and overall male health: A systematic review of the literature. Investig Clin Urol 61:355\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4111\/icu.2020.61.4.355","journal-title":"Investig Clin Urol"},{"key":"1106_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ding X, Chang X, Wang J et al (2022) Serum Metrnl levels are decreased in subjects with overweight or obesity and are independently associated with adverse lipid profile. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2022.938341","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.938341"},{"key":"1106_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01767-8","volume":"22","author":"W-S Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong W-S, Hu C, Hu M et al (2024) Metrnl: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Cell Commun Signal 22:389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-024-01767-8","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"1106_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3906490","author":"Y Elfassy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elfassy Y, Bastard JP, McAvoy C et al (2018) Adipokines in Semen: Physiopathology and Effects on Spermatozoas. Int J Endocrinol 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/3906490","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol 2018"},{"key":"1106_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Estienne A, Reverchon M, Partyka A et al (2020) Chemerin Impairs in vitro testosterone production, sperm motility, and fertility in chicken: possible involvement of its receptor cmklr1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9071599. Cells 9:","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9071599"},{"key":"1106_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferns GA, Fekri K, Shahini Shams Abadi M et al (2021) A meta-analysis of the relationship between serums metrnl-like protein\/subfatin and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease. Arch. Physiol. Biochem","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2021.1899239"},{"key":"1106_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0231943","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0231943","volume":"15","author":"FZ Fouani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fouani FZ, Fadaei R, Moradi N et al (2020) Circulating levels of Meteorin-like protein in polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study. PLoS ONE 15:e0231943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0231943","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1106_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George BT, Jhancy M, Dube R et al (2024) The Molecular Basis of Male Infertility in Obesity: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 25","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010179"},{"key":"1106_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12610-019-0086-6","volume":"29","author":"F Ghieh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ghieh F, Mitchell V, Mandon-Pepin B, Vialard F (2019) Genetic defects in human azoospermia. Basic Clin Androl 29:4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12610-019-0086-6","journal-title":"Basic Clin Androl"},{"key":"1106_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gjermeni E, Kirstein AS, Kolbig F et al (2021) Obesity\u2013an update on the basic pathophysiology and review of recent therapeutic advances. Biomolecules 11","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11101426"},{"key":"1106_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2266","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez189","volume":"34","author":"CH Glazer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glazer CH, Eisenberg ML, T\u00f8ttenborg SS et al (2019) Male factor infertility and risk of death: A nationwide record-linkage study. Hum Reprod 34:2266\u20132273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/dez189","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1106_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28175","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M700793200","volume":"282","author":"KB Goralski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goralski KB, McCarthy TC, Hanniman EA et al (2007) Chemerin, a novel adipokine that regulates adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism. J Biol Chem 282:28175\u201328188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M700793200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1106_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2007.04.013","volume":"88","author":"DA Grimes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grimes DA, Lopez LM (2007) Oligozoospermia, azoospermia, and other semen-analysis terminology: the need for better science. Fertil Steril 88:1491\u20131494","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1106_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R79","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0174","volume":"238","author":"G Helfer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Helfer G, Wu QF (2018) Chemerin: a multifaceted adipokine involved in metabolic disorders. J Endocrinol 238:R79\u2013R94","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1106_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmra1514009","author":"SB Heymsfield","year":"2017","unstructured":"Heymsfield SB, Wadden TA (2017) Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Management of Obesity. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmra1514009. 376:","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1106_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1965204","volume":"53","author":"W Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu W, Liu Z, Yu W et al (2021) Effects of PPM1K rs1440581 and rs7678928 on serum branched-chain amino acid levels and risk of cardiovascular disease. Ann Med 53:1316\u20131326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07853890.2021.1965204","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"1106_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12164","volume":"4","author":"SM Javadirad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Javadirad SM, Hojati Z, Ghaedi K, Nasr-Esfahani MH (2016) Expression ratio of histone demethylase KDM3A to protamine-1 mRNA is predictive of successful testicular sperm extraction in men with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. Andrology 4:492\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12164","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"1106_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.036","volume":"183","author":"L Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang L, Wang M, Lin S et al (2020) A Quantitative Proteome Map of the Human Body. Cell 183:269\u2013283e19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.036","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1106_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868707","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1868707","volume":"17","author":"Z Jiang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Jiang Z, Xuan X, Qiu Z et al (2026) Testicular macrophages: core immune regulators and emerging therapeutic targets in spermatogenic dysfunction. Front Immunol 17:1868707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2026.1868707","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1106_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000178170","author":"SG Johnsen","year":"1970","unstructured":"Johnsen SG (1970) Testicular biopsy score count \u2013 a method for registration of spermatogenesis in human testes: Normal values and results in 335 hypogonadal males. Horm Res Paediatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000178170. 1:","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"key":"1106_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karlsson M, Zhang C, M\u00e9ar L et al (2021) A single-cell type transcriptomics map of human tissues. Sci Adv 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abh2169","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abh2169"},{"key":"1106_CR33","unstructured":"Khanna D, Welch BS, Rehman A (2023) Pathophysiology of obesity. Treasure Island (FL)"},{"key":"1106_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000762","volume":"30","author":"K Khodamoradi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khodamoradi K, Parmar M, Khosravizadeh Z et al (2020) The role of leptin and obesity on male infertility. Curr Opin Urol 30:334\u2013339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOU.0000000000000762","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"1106_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laffranchi M, Schioppa T, Sozio F et al (2025) Chemerin in immunity. J Leukoc Biol 117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae181","DOI":"10.1093\/jleuko\/qiae181"},{"key":"1106_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12289","volume":"5","author":"MC Lardone","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lardone MC, Argando\u00f1a F, Fl\u00f3rez M et al (2017) Overexpression of CYP19A1 aromatase in Leydig cells is associated with steroidogenic dysfunction in subjects with Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Andrology 5:41\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12289","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"1106_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13617","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13617","volume":"53","author":"K Leisegang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leisegang K, Sengupta P, Agarwal A, Henkel R (2021) Obesity and male infertility: Mechanisms and management. Andrologia 53:e13617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.13617","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"key":"1106_CR38","unstructured":"Leslie SW, Soon-Sutton TL, Khan MA (2023) Male infertility. StatPearls Publishing"},{"key":"1106_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Levine H, J\u00f8rgensen N, Martino-Andrade A et al (2017) Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Hum Reprod Update 23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humupd\/dmx022","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx022"},{"key":"1106_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li L, Ma P, Huang C et al (2014a) Expression of chemerin and its receptors in rat testes and its action on testosterone secretion. J Endocrinol 220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/JOE-13-0275","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-13-0275"},{"key":"1106_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113915","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113915","volume":"9","author":"Y Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li Y, Shi B, Li S (2014b) Association between serum chemerin concentrations and clinical indices in obesity or metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 9:e113915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0113915","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1106_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/CNS.12219","volume":"20","author":"ZY Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li ZY, Zheng SL, Wang P et al (2014c) Subfatin is a Novel Adipokine and Unlike Meteorin in Adipose and Brain Expression. CNS Neurosci Ther 20:344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/CNS.12219","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"1106_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3002838","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002838","volume":"22","author":"A Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu A, Liu Y, Chen G et al (2024) Structure of G protein-coupled receptor GPR1 bound to full-length chemerin adipokine reveals a chemokine-like reverse binding mode. PLoS Biol 22:e3002838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002838","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"1106_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liu Q, Wu H, You J et al (2026) Integrative bioinformatics analyses of mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes in human non-obstructive azoospermia. Sci Rep 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-38077-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-38077-7"},{"key":"1106_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-\u2206\u2206CT method. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/meth.2001.1262. Methods 25:","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"1106_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.104895","volume":"51","author":"A Malcher","year":"2025","unstructured":"Malcher A, Smolibowski M, Stokowy T et al (2025) TKTL1: a new candidate gene in non-obstructive azoospermia. Reprod Biomed Online 51:104895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2025.104895","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"1106_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miao Z wei, Hu W jun, Li Z yong, Miao Cyu (2020) Involvement of the secreted protein Metrnl in human diseases. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-020-00529-9"},{"key":"1106_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-123","volume":"7","author":"HJ Motulsky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Motulsky HJ, Brown RE (2006) Detecting outliers when fitting data with nonlinear regression - a new method based on robust nonlinear regression and the false discovery rate. BMC Bioinformatics 7:123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2105-7-123","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"1106_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nagpal S, Patel S, Jacobe H et al (1997) Tazarotene-induced gene 2 (TIG2), a novel retinoid-responsive gene in skin. J Invest Dermatol 109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12276660","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12276660"},{"key":"1106_CR50","unstructured":"Purnell JQ (2000) Definitions, classification, and epidemiology of obesity. in: Feingold KR, Ahmed SF, Anawalt B, (eds). South Dartmouth (MA)"},{"key":"1106_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C et al (2020) Adipokines: new potential therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic, rheumatic, and cardiovascular diseases. Front Physiol 11","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.578966"},{"key":"1106_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2023.02.009","volume":"255","author":"C Rong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rong C, Weng L, Li M et al (2023) Serum interleukin-38 and \u2013\u200941 levels as candidate biomarkers in male infertility. Immunol Lett 255:47\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imlet.2023.02.009","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"1106_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safaei M, Sundararajan EA, Driss M et al (2021) A systematic literature review on obesity: understanding the causes & consequences of obesity and reviewing various machine learning approaches used to predict obesity. Comput Biol Med 136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104754"},{"key":"1106_CR54","unstructured":"Sharma M, Leslie SW (2023) Azoospermia. StatPearls Publishing"},{"key":"1106_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tang D, Li K, Lv M et al (2022) Altered mRNAs profiles in the testis of patients with secondary idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia. Front Cell Dev Biol 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2022.824596","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.824596"},{"key":"1106_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.12.022","volume":"99","author":"S Thomas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thomas S, Kratzsch D, Schaab M et al (2013) Seminal plasma adipokine levels are correlated with functional characteristics of spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 99:1256\u20131263e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.12.022","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1106_CR57","unstructured":"Tirthani E, Said MS, Rehman A (2023) Genetics and obesity. Treasure Island (FL)"},{"key":"1106_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Treeck O, Buechler C, Ortmann O (2019) Chemerin and cancer. Int J Mol Sci 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20153750","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153750"},{"key":"1106_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2018.08.007","volume":"23","author":"M Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang M, Liu X, Chang G et al (2018) Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals Sequential Cell Fate Transition during Human Spermatogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 23:599\u2013614e4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2018.08.007","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"1106_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2013.08.006","volume":"41","author":"BR Winters","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winters BR, Walsh TJ (2014) The epidemiology of male infertility. Urol Clin North Am 41:195\u2013204","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"1106_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030382","volume":"198","author":"V Wittamer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wittamer V, Franssen J-D, Vulcano M et al (2003) Specific recruitment of antigen-presenting cells by chemerin, a novel processed ligand from human inflammatory fluids. J Exp Med 198:977\u2013985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20030382","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"1106_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2024.101205","volume":"12","author":"Z Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu Z, Wu X, Xu Z et al (2025) In situ transcriptomic analysis of spermatocytes in non-obstructive azoospermia reveals senescence-like states in arrested spermatocytes. Genes Dis 12:101205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gendis.2024.101205","journal-title":"Genes Dis"},{"key":"1106_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu M, Yang Y, Huang C et al (2022) Chemerin: a functional adipokine in reproductive health and diseases. Biomedicines 10","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10081910"},{"key":"1106_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2022.156089","volume":"162","author":"G Yue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yue G, An Q, Xu X et al (2023) The role of Chemerin in human diseases. Cytokine 162:156089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cyto.2022.156089","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"1106_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/APS.2016.9","volume":"37","author":"SL Zheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zheng SL, Li ZY, Song J et al (2016) Metrnl: a secreted protein with new emerging functions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 37:571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/APS.2016.9","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"1106_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zorena K, Jachimowicz-Duda O, \u015al\u0119zak D et al (2020) Adipokines and obesity. potential link to metabolic disorders and chronic complications. Int J Mol Sci 21","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21103570"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13353-026-01106-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13353-026-01106-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13353-026-01106-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T14:04:38Z","timestamp":1786543478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13353-026-01106-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["1106"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13353-026-01106-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1234-1983","2190-3883"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1234-1983","type":"print"},{"value":"2190-3883","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Approval of the research protocol by an institutional reviewer board: Ethical approval of this study was obtained from the Erciyes University Local Ethics Committee (Approval number: 2023\/12). This study was supported by Erciyes University BAP grant TTU-2023-12680 to Yusuf Ozkul.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The committee waived the requirement for informed consent because of the study\u2019s retrospective nature and the use of archived tissue samples.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed consents","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}