{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:06:30Z","timestamp":1792595190460,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]],"date-time":"2014-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurovirol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-014-0234-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]],"date-time":"2014-01-31T17:16:17Z","timestamp":1391188577000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Reactivation of human polyomaviruses in immunocompromised states"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kari","family":"Wiedinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantine","family":"Bitsaktsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sulie","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"234_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01571-06","volume":"81","author":"JR Abend","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abend JR, Low JA, Imperiale MJ (2007) Inhibitory effect of gamma interferon on BK virus gene expression and replication. J Virol 81(1):272\u2013279","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"234_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00465.x","volume":"214","author":"CE Andoniou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andoniou CE, Andrews DM, Degli-Esposti MA (2006) Natural killer cells in viral infection: more than just killers. Immunol Rev 214:239\u2013250. doi: 10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00465.x","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"234_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90909-9","volume":"190","author":"WJ Atwood","year":"1992","unstructured":"Atwood WJ, Amemiya K, Traub R, Harms J, Major EO (1992) Interaction of the human polyomavirus, JCV, with human B-lymphocytes. Virology 190(2):716\u2013723","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"234_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-78-1-163","volume":"78","author":"GS Ault","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ault GS (1997) Activity of JC virus archetype and PML-type regulatory regions in glial cells. J Gen Virol 78(Pt 1):163\u2013169","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"234_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2035","volume":"31","author":"AK Bag","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bag AK, Cure JK, Chapman PR, Roberson GH, Shah R (2010) JC virus infection of the brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 31(9):1564\u20131576. doi: 10.3174\/ajnr.A2035","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"234_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2010.221","volume":"46","author":"A Balduzzi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Balduzzi A, Lucchini G, Hirsch H, Basso S, Cioni M, Rovelli A, Zincone A, Grimaldi M, Corti P, Bonanomi S (2010) Polyomavirus JC-targeted T-cell therapy for progressive multiple leukoencephalopathy in a hematopoietic cell transplantation recipient. Bone Marrow Transplant 46(7):987\u2013992","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"234_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1086\/648095","volume":"200","author":"L Barzon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barzon L, Squarzon L, Militello V, Trevisan M, Porzionato A, Macchi V, De Caro R, Palu G (2009) WU and KI polyomaviruses in the brains of HIV-positive patients with and without progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Infect Dis 200(11):1755\u20131758. doi: 10.1086\/648095","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"234_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/PAT.0b013e3283463558","volume":"43","author":"J Bayliss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bayliss J, Karasoulos T, Bowden S, Glogowski I, McLean CA (2011) Immunosuppression increases latent infection of brain by JC polyomavirus. Pathology 43(4):362\u2013367. doi: 10.1097\/PAT.0b013e3283463558","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"234_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(03)00155-0","volume":"29","author":"A Behzad-Behbahani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Behzad-Behbahani A, Klapper PE, Vallely PJ, Cleator GM, Khoo SH (2004) Detection of BK virus and JC virus DNA in urine samples from immunocompromised (HIV-infected) and immunocompetent (HIV-non-infected) patients using polymerase chain reaction and microplate hybridisation. J Clin Virol 29(4):224\u2013229","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"234_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-012-0080-7","volume":"18","author":"A Bellizzi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bellizzi A, Nardis C, Anzivino E, Rodio D, Fioriti D, Mischitelli M, Chiarini F, Pietropaolo V (2012) Human polyomavirus JC reactivation and pathogenetic mechanisms of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cancer in the era of monoclonal antibody therapies. J Neurovirol 18(1):1\u201311. doi: 10.1007\/s13365-012-0080-7","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"3","key":"234_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1179\/016164106X98198","volume":"28","author":"JR Berger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Berger JR, Houff S (2006) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: lessons from AIDS and natalizumab. Neurol Res 28(3):299\u2013305. doi: 10.1179\/016164106X98198","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"234_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01579-09","volume":"84","author":"SD Blackburn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blackburn SD, Crawford A, Shin H, Polley A, Freeman GJ, Wherry EJ (2010) Tissue-specific differences in PD-1 and PD-L1 expression during chronic viral infection: implications for CD8 T-cell exhaustion. J Virol 84(4):2078\u20132089. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.01579-09","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"234_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00195.x","volume":"30","author":"LAS Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown LAS, Cook RT, Jerrells TR, Kolls JK, Nagy LE, Szabo G, Wands JR, Kovacs EJ (2006) Acute and chronic alcohol abuse modulate immunity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 30(9):1624\u20131631","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"234_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70161-5","volume":"10","author":"KR Carson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carson KR, Focosi D, Major EO, Petrini M, Richey EA, West DP, Bennett CL (2009) Monoclonal antibody-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in patients treated with rituximab, natalizumab, and efalizumab: a review from the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) Project. Lancet Oncol 10(8):816\u2013824. doi: 10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70161-5","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"21","key":"234_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp332","volume":"101","author":"JJ Carter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carter JJ, Paulson KG, Wipf GC, Miranda D, Madeleine MM, Johnson LG, Lemos BD, Lee S, Warcola AH, Iyer JG, Nghiem P, Galloway DA (2009) Association of Merkel cell polyomavirus-specific antibodies with Merkel cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 101(21):1510\u20131522. doi: 10.1093\/jnci\/djp332","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"2","key":"234_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1086\/653823","volume":"202","author":"ML Chapagain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chapagain ML, Nerurkar VR (2010) Human polyomavirus JC (JCV) infection of human B lymphocytes: a possible mechanism for JCV transmigration across the blood\u2013brain barrier. J Infect Dis 202(2):184\u2013191","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"234_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904267","volume":"361","author":"Y Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen Y, Bord E, Tompkins T, Miller J, Tan CS, Kinkel RP, Stein MC, Viscidi RP, Ngo LH, Koralnik IJ (2009) Asymptomatic reactivation of JC virus in patients treated with natalizumab. N Engl J Med 361(11):1067\u20131074. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa0904267","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"234_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000137932.44791.D3","volume":"78","author":"P Comoli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Comoli P, Azzi A, Maccario R, Basso S, Botti G, Basile G, Fontana I, Labirio M, Cometa A, Poli F (2004) Polyomavirus BK-specific immunity after kidney transplantation. Transplantation 78(8):1229\u20131232","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"2","key":"234_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.12.015","volume":"437","author":"T Dalianis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dalianis T, Hirsch HH (2013) Human polyomaviruses in disease and cancer. Virology 437(2):63\u201372. doi: 10.1016\/j.virol.2012.12.015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"234_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Gascun CF, Carr MJ (2013) Human polyomavirus reactivation: disease pathogenesis and treatment approaches. Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2013: 27. doi: 10.1155\/2013\/373579","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/373579"},{"issue":"4","key":"234_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2992","volume":"11","author":"JA DeCaprio","year":"2013","unstructured":"DeCaprio JA, Garcea RL (2013) A cornucopia of human polyomaviruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 11(4):264\u2013276. doi: 10.1038\/nrmicro2992","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"234_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90559-4","volume":"54","author":"JA DeCaprio","year":"1988","unstructured":"DeCaprio JA, Ludlow JW, Figge J, Shew JY, Huang CM, Lee WH, Marsilio E, Paucha E, Livingston DM (1988) SV40 large tumor antigen forms a specific complex with the product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene. Cell 54(2):275\u2013283. doi: 10.1016\/0092-8674(88)90559-4","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"234_CR23","first-page":"115","volume":"20","author":"A Degener","year":"1997","unstructured":"Degener A, Pietropaolo V, Di Taranto C, Rizzuti V, Ameglio F, Cordiali Fei P, Caprilli F, Capitanio B, Sinibaldi L, Orsi N (1997) Detection of JC and BK viral genome in specimens of HIV-1 infected subjects. New Microbiol 20(2):115\u2013122","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"234_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Delbue S, Tremolada S, Elia F, Carloni C, Amico S, Tavazzi E, Marchioni E, Novati S, Maserati R, Ferrante P (2010) Lymphotropic polyomavirus is detected in peripheral blood from immunocompromised and healthy subjects. J Clin Virol 47(2). doi: 156-60.10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.11.029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.11.029"},{"key":"234_CR25","unstructured":"D\u00f6rries K (2002) Latent and persistent polyomavirus infection. Human Polyomaviruses: Mol Clin Perspect 197\u2013235"},{"issue":"4","key":"234_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152537175","volume":"7","author":"RA Pasquier Du","year":"2001","unstructured":"Du Pasquier RA, Clark KW, Smith PS, Joseph JT, Mazullo JM, De Girolami U, Letvin NL, Koralnik IJ (2001) JCV-specific cellular immune response correlates with a favorable clinical outcome in HIV-infected individuals with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neurovirol 7(4):318\u2013322. doi: 10.1080\/13550280152537175","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"9","key":"234_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh215","volume":"127","author":"RA Pasquier Du","year":"2004","unstructured":"Du Pasquier RA, Kuroda MJ, Zheng Y, Jean-Jacques J, Letvin NL, Koralnik IJ (2004) A prospective study demonstrates an association between JC virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the early control of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Brain 127(9):1970\u20131978","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"234_CR28","unstructured":"Feng H, Shuda M, Chang Y, Moore PS (2008). Clonal integration of a polyomavirus in human Merkel cell carcinoma. Science 319(5866). doi: 1096-100.10.1126\/science.1152586"},{"issue":"3","key":"234_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05031-11","volume":"25","author":"MW Ferenczy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferenczy MW, Marshall LJ, Nelson CD, Atwood WJ, Nath A, Khalili K, Major EO (2012) Molecular biology, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, the JC virus-induced demyelinating disease of the human brain. Clin Microbiol Rev 25(3):471\u2013506. doi: 10.1128\/CMR.05031-11","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"234_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.2.209-219.2003","volume":"16","author":"H Friedman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Friedman H, Newton C, Klein TW (2003) Microbial infections, immunomodulation, and drugs of abuse. Clin Microbiol Rev 16(2):209\u2013219","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"7712","key":"234_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91776-4","volume":"1","author":"SD Gardner","year":"1971","unstructured":"Gardner SD, Field AM, Coleman DV, Hulme B (1971) New human papovavirus (B.K.) isolated from urine after renal transplantation. Lancet 1(7712):1253\u20131257","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"14","key":"234_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7256","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02506-10","volume":"85","author":"S Gheuens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gheuens S, Bord E, Kesari S, Simpson DM, Gandhi RT, Clifford DB, Berger JR, Ngo L, Koralnik IJ (2011) Role of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses against JC virus in the outcome of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and PML with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. J Virol 85(14):7256\u20137263. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.02506-10","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"234_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-12-062422","volume":"110","author":"MV Goldberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goldberg MV, Maris CH, Hipkiss EL, Flies AS, Zhen L, Tuder RM, Grosso JF, Harris TJ, Getnet D, Whartenby KA (2007) Role of PD-1 and its ligand, B7-H1, in early fate decisions of CD8 T cells. Blood 110(1):186\u2013192","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"234_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(03)00770-9","volume":"3","author":"HH Hirsch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hirsch HH, Steiger J (2003) Polyomavirus Bk. Lancet Infect Dis 3(10):611\u2013623","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"234_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.11.1733","volume":"41","author":"RC Holman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Holman RC, Janssen RS, Buehler JW, Zelasky MT, Hooper WC (1991) Epidemiology of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the United States: analysis of national mortality and AIDS surveillance data. Neurology 41(11):1733. doi: 10.1212\/wnl.41.11.1733","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"14","key":"234_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7064","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02400-09","volume":"84","author":"R Houben","year":"2010","unstructured":"Houben R, Shuda M, Weinkam R, Schrama D, Feng H, Chang Y, Moore PS, Becker JC (2010) Merkel cell polyomavirus-infected Merkel cell carcinoma cells require expression of viral T antigens. J Virol 84(14):7064\u20137072","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"21","key":"234_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6671","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-1513","volume":"17","author":"JG Iyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iyer JG, Afanasiev OK, McClurkan C, Paulson K, Nagase K, Jing L, Marshak JO, Dong L, Carter J, Lai I, Farrar E, Byrd D, Galloway D, Yee C, Koelle DM, Nghiem P (2011) Merkel cell polyomavirus-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses identified in Merkel cell carcinomas and blood. Clin Cancer Res 17(21):6671\u20136680. doi: 10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-1513","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"234_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d1487","DOI":"10.2741\/jerrell","volume":"7","author":"TR Jerrells","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jerrells TR (2002) Association of alcohol consumption and exaggerated immunopathologic effects in the liver induced by infectious organism. Front Biosci 7:d1487\u2013d1493","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"234_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang M, Abend JR, Johnson SF, Imperiale MJ (2009). The role of polyomaviruses in human disease. Virology 384(2). doi: 266-73.10.1016\/j.virol.2008.09.027S0042-6822(08)00636-3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.09.027"},{"key":"234_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson EM, Wortman MJ, Dagdanova AV, Lundberg PS, Daniel DC (2013) Polyomavirus JC in the context of immunosuppression: a series of adaptive, DNA replication-driven recombination events in the development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clin Dev Immunol 197807. doi: 10.1155\/2013\/197807","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/197807"},{"issue":"4","key":"234_CR41","first-page":"46","volume":"48","author":"Z Kalvatchev","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalvatchev Z, Tsekov I, Vladimirov V, Paskalev E, Zlatkov B, Filipov Z, Gicheva M (2012) Human BK polyomaviral activity in patients with renal transplants. Med Pregled 48(4):46\u201350","journal-title":"Med Pregled"},{"issue":"3","key":"234_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000363","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000363","volume":"5","author":"JM Kean","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kean JM, Rao S, Wang M, Garcea RL (2009) Seroepidemiology of human polyomaviruses. PLoS Pathog 5(3):e1000363. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000363","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"234_CR43","unstructured":"Khalili K, Wang D, Ehlers B, Khan ZM, Vanchiere JA, Berger J, Koralnik I, Hirsch HH, Lautenschlager I, Korup S (2013) 5th International Conference on Polyomaviruses and Human Diseases: Basic and Clinical Perspectives"},{"issue":"9","key":"234_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4404","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02657-08","volume":"83","author":"N Khanna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khanna N, Wolbers M, Mueller NJ, Garzoni C, Du Pasquier RA, Fux CA, Vernazza P, Bernasconi E, Viscidi R, Battegay M (2009) JC virus-specific immune responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Virol 83(9):4404\u20134411","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"234_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knowles WA, Pillay D, Johnson MA, Hand JF, Brown DW (1999). Prevalence of long-term BK and JC excretion in HIV-infected adults and lack of correlation with serological markers. J Med Virol 59(4). doi: (SICI)1096-9071\/(SICI)1096-9071(199912)59:4<474::AID-JMV9>3.0.CO;2-W","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199912)59:4<474::AID-JMV9>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"234_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58021","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058021","volume":"8","author":"S Korup","year":"2013","unstructured":"Korup S, Rietscher J, Calvignac-Spencer S, Trusch F, Hofmann J, Moens U, Sauer I, Voigt S, Schmuck R, Ehlers B (2013) Identification of a novel human polyomavirus in organs of the gastrointestinal tract. PLoS ONE 8:e58021. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0058021","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"234_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0731-z","volume":"255","author":"C Kraemer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kraemer C, Evers S, Nolting T, Arendt G, Husstedt IW (2008) Cidofovir in combination with HAART and survival in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neurol 255(4):526\u2013531. doi: 10.1007\/s00415-008-0731-z","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"234_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45773","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045773","volume":"7","author":"A Kumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kumar A, Kantele A, J\u00e4rvinen T, Chen T, Kavola H, Sadeghi M, Hedman K, Franssila R (2012) Trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus (TSV) and Merkel cell polyomavirus: correlation between humoral and cellular immunity stronger with TSV. PLoS One 7(9):e45773","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"234_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00730.x","volume":"32","author":"MC Marcondes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marcondes MC, Watry D, Zandonatti M, Flynn C, Taffe MA, Fox H (2008) Chronic alcohol consumption generates a vulnerable immune environment during early SIV infection in rhesus macaques. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 32(9):1583\u20131592. doi: 10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00730.x","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"234_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg072","volume":"18","author":"M Mengel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mengel M, Marwedel M, Radermacher J, Eden G, Schwarz A, Haller H, Kreipe H (2003) Incidence of polyomavirus-nephropathy in renal allografts: influence of modern immunosuppressive drugs. Nephrol Dial Transplant 18(6):1190\u20131196","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"234_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.1.641","volume":"181","author":"DK Meyerholz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meyerholz DK, Edsen-Moore M, McGill J, Coleman RA, Cook RT, Legge KL (2008) Chronic alcohol consumption increases the severity of murine influenza virus infections. J Immunol 181(1):641\u2013648","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"234_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20375","volume":"204","author":"M Mischitelli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mischitelli M, Fioriti D, Videtta M, Degener A, Antinori A, Cinque P, Giordano A, Pietropaolo V (2005) Investigation on the role of cell transcriptional factor Sp1 and HIV-1 TAT protein in PML onset or development. J Cell Physiol 204(3):913\u2013918","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"234_CR53","first-page":"97","volume":"33","author":"PE Molina","year":"2010","unstructured":"Molina PE, Happel KI, Zhang P, Kolls JK, Nelson S (2010) Focus on: alcohol and the immune system. Alcohol Res Health 33(1):97\u2013108","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"234_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1508.090270","volume":"15","author":"NL Nguyen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nguyen NL, Le BM, Wang D (2009) Serologic evidence of frequent human infection with WU and KI polyomaviruses. Emerg Infect Dis 15(8):1199\u20131205. doi: 10.3201\/eid1508.090270","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"234_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Orba Y, Suzuki T, Makino Y, Kubota K, Tanaka S, Kimura T, Sawa H (2010). Large T antigen promotes JC virus replication in G2-arrested cells by inducing ATM- and ATR-mediated G2 checkpoint signaling. J Biol Chem 285(2). doi: 1544-54.10.1074\/jbc.M109.064311","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.064311"},{"issue":"7712","key":"234_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91777-6","volume":"1","author":"BL Padgett","year":"1971","unstructured":"Padgett BL, Walker DL, ZuRhein GM, Eckroade RJ, Dessel BH (1971) Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Lancet 1(7712):1257\u20131260","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"234_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-12-55","volume":"12","author":"M Pang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pang M, Bala S, Kodys K, Catalano D, Szabo G (2011) Inhibition of TLR8- and TLR4-induced Type I IFN induction by alcohol is different from its effects on inflammatory cytokine production in monocytes. BMC Immunol 12:55. doi: 10.1186\/1471-2172-12-55","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"234_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.03.001","volume":"25","author":"Y Persidsky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Persidsky Y, Ho W, Ramirez SH, Potula R, Abood ME, Unterwald E, Tuma R (2011) HIV-1 infection and alcohol abuse: neurocognitive impairment, mechanisms of neurodegeneration and therapeutic interventions. Brain Behav Immun 25:S61\u2013S70","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"234_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2006.22.589","volume":"22","author":"B Poonia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Poonia B, Nelson S, Bagby GJ, Zhang P, Quniton L, Veazey RS (2006) Chronic alcohol consumption results in higher simian immunodeficiency virus replication in mucosally inoculated rhesus macaques. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 22(6):589\u2013594. doi: 10.1089\/aid.2006.22.589","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"234_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.09.005","volume":"146","author":"L Romagnoli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Romagnoli L, Wollebo HS, Deshmane SL, Mukerjee R, Del Valle L, Safak M, Khalili K, White MK (2009) Modulation of JC virus transcription by C\/EBPbeta. Virus Res 146(1\u20132):97\u2013106. doi: 10.1016\/j.virusres.2009.09.005","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"234_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-0960.2007.00348.x","volume":"48","author":"GM Sadler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sadler GM, Halbert AR, Smith N, Rogers M (2007) Trichodysplasia spinulosa associated with chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukaemia. Aust J Dermatol 48(2):110\u2013114","journal-title":"Aust J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"234_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1089\/088922204773004860","volume":"20","author":"JH Samet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Samet JH, Phillips SJ, Horton NJ, Traphagen ET, Freedberg KA (2004) Detecting alcohol problems in HIV-infected patients: use of the CAGE questionnaire. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir 20(2):151\u2013155. doi: 10.1089\/088922204773004860","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"issue":"7","key":"234_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42181","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042181","volume":"7","author":"RM Schowalter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schowalter RM, Reinhold WC, Buck CB (2012) Entry tropism of BK and Merkel cell polyomaviruses in cell culture. PLoS ONE 7(7):e42181","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"234_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00271.x","volume":"31","author":"C Shiu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shiu C, Barbier E, Di Cello F, Choi HJ, Stins M (2007) HIV-1 gp120 as well as alcohol affect blood\u2013brain barrier permeability and stress fiber formation: involvement of reactive oxygen species. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 31(1):130\u2013137. doi: 10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00271.x","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"234_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2009.11.013","volume":"219","author":"N Sidhu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sidhu N, McCutchan JA (2010) Unmasking of PML by HAART: unusual clinical features and the role of IRIS. J Neuroimmunol 219(1):100\u2013104","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"234_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2012.09.029","volume":"435","author":"ME Spurgeon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spurgeon ME, Lambert PF (2013) Merkel cell polyomavirus: a newly discovered human virus with oncogenic potential. Virology 435(1):118\u2013130. doi: 10.1016\/j.virol.2012.09.029","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"1","key":"234_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.9905016","volume":"161","author":"DA Stoltz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stoltz DA, Nelson S, Kolls JK, Zhang P, Bohm RP Jr, Murphey-Corb M, Bagby GJ (2000) In vitro ethanol suppresses alveolar macrophage TNF-alpha during simian immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161(1):135\u2013140. doi: 10.1164\/ajrccm.161.1.9905016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"234_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000127104.80398.9B","volume":"28","author":"G Szabo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Szabo G, Catalano D, White B, Mandrekar P (2004) Acute alcohol consumption inhibits accessory cell function of monocytes and dendritic cells. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 28(5):824\u2013828","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"234_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan CS, Bord E, Broge TA Jr, Glotzbecker B, Mills H, Gheuens S, Rosenblatt J, Avigan D, Koralnik IJ (2012). Increased program cell death-1 expression on T lymphocytes of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 60(3). doi: 244-8.10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31825a313c","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31825a313c"},{"issue":"4","key":"234_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.11.21","volume":"6","author":"CM Traylen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Traylen CM, Patel HR, Fondaw W, Mahatme S, Williams JF, Walker LR, Dyson OF, Arce S, Akula SM (2011) Virus reactivation: a panoramic view in human infections. Futur Virol 6(4):451\u2013463. doi: 10.2217\/fvl.11.21","journal-title":"Futur Virol"},{"key":"234_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-10-147","volume":"10","author":"E Uleri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Uleri E, Regan P, Dolei A, Sariyer IK (2013) SF2\/ASF binding region within JC virus NCCR limits early gene transcription in glial cells. Virol J 10:147. doi: 10.1186\/1743-422X-10-147","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"4","key":"234_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051586","volume":"353","author":"G Assche Van","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van Assche G, Van Ranst M, Sciot R, Dubois B, Vermeire S, Noman M, Verbeeck J, Geboes K, Robberecht W, Rutgeerts P (2005) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab therapy for Crohn\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med 353(4):362\u2013368. doi: 10.1056\/NEJMoa051586","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"234_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04628.x","volume":"973","author":"JM Brande Van Den","year":"2002","unstructured":"Van Den Brande JM, Peppelenbosch MP, Van Deventer SJ (2002) Treating Crohn\u2019s disease by inducing T lymphocyte apoptosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 973:166\u2013180","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"234_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001024","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001024","volume":"6","author":"E Meijden van der","year":"2010","unstructured":"van der Meijden E, Janssens RW, Lauber C, Bavinck JNB, Gorbalenya AE, Feltkamp MC (2010a) Discovery of a new human polyomavirus associated with trichodysplasia spinulosa in an immunocompromized patient. PLoS Pathog 6(7):e1001024","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"7","key":"234_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001024","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001024","volume":"6","author":"E Meijden van der","year":"2010","unstructured":"van der Meijden E, Janssens RW, Lauber C, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Gorbalenya AE, Feltkamp MC (2010b) Discovery of a new human polyomavirus associated with trichodysplasia spinulosa in an immunocompromized patient. PLoS Pathog 6(7):e1001024. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001024","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"8","key":"234_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02472-08","volume":"47","author":"JA Vanchiere","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vanchiere JA, Abudayyeh S, Copeland CM, Lu LB, Graham DY, Butel JS (2009) Polyomavirus shedding in the stool of healthy adults. J Clin Microbiol 47(8):2388\u20132391. doi: 10.1128\/JCM.02472-08","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"234_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2035","volume":"12","author":"EJ Wherry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wherry EJ (2011) T cell exhaustion. Nat Immunol 12(6):492\u2013499","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"21","key":"234_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10846","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00542-09","volume":"83","author":"MK White","year":"2009","unstructured":"White MK, Safak M, Khalili K (2009) Regulation of gene expression in primate polyomaviruses. J Virol 83(21):10846\u201310856. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.00542-09","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"234_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003206","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003206","volume":"9","author":"MK White","year":"2013","unstructured":"White MK, Gordon J, Khalili K (2013) The rapidly expanding family of human polyomaviruses: recent developments in understanding their life cycle and role in human pathology. PLoS Pathog 9(3):e1003206. doi: 10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003206","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"234_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.11.013","volume":"233","author":"HS Wollebo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wollebo HS, Safak M, Del Valle L, Khalili K, White MK (2011) Role for tumor necrosis factor-alpha in JC virus reactivation and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neuroimmunol 233(1\u20132):46\u201353. doi: 10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.11.013","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"}],"container-title":["Journal of NeuroVirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13365-014-0234-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13365-014-0234-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13365-014-0234-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T01:50:46Z","timestamp":1565142646000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13365-014-0234-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["234"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-014-0234-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-0284","1538-2443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-0284","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-2443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,31]]}}}