{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T01:59:28Z","timestamp":1793325568093,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurovirol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-019-00748-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T20:04:28Z","timestamp":1557345868000},"page":"439-447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cerebrovascular events after herpes zoster infection: a risk that should be not underestimated"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Zuin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Rigatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"748_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i5.418","volume":"3","author":"A Arboix","year":"2015","unstructured":"Arboix A (2015) Cardiovascular risk factors for acute stroke: risk profiles in the different subtypes of ischemic stroke. World J Clin Cases 3(5):418\u2013429","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"3","key":"748_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000038","volume":"82","author":"J Breuer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Breuer J, Pacou M, Gauthier A, Brown MM (2014) Herpes zoster as a risk factor for stroke and TIA: a retrospective cohort study in the UK. Neurology. 82(3):206\u2013212","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"4","key":"748_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1590\/bjpt-rbf.2014.0171","volume":"20","author":"BP Carvalho-Pinto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carvalho-Pinto BP, Faria CD (2016) Health, function and disability in stroke patients in the community. Braz J Phys Ther 20(4):355\u2013366","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"748_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181565","volume":"12","author":"N Erskine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Erskine N, Tran H, Levin L, Ulbricht C, Fingeroth J, Kiefe C, Goldberg RJ, Singh S (2017) A systematic review and meta-analysis on herpes zoster and the risk of cardiac and cerebrovascular events. PLoS One 12(7):e0181565","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"748_CR5","first-page":"432","volume":"60","author":"L Feller","year":"2005","unstructured":"Feller L, Jadwat Y, Bouckaert M (2005) Herpes zoster post-herpetic neuralgia. SADJ. 60(10):432 436-7","journal-title":"SADJ."},{"issue":"6 Neuroinfectio","key":"748_CR6","first-page":"1692","volume":"21","author":"D Gilden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gilden D (2015) Varicella-zoster virus infections. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 21(6 Neuroinfectious Disease):1692\u20131703","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"issue":"5","key":"748_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp013211","volume":"347","author":"JW Gnann Jr","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gnann JW Jr, Whitley RJ (2002) Clinical practice. Herpes zoster. N Engl J Med 347(5):340\u2013346","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"748_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25201","volume":"90","author":"C Grose","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grose C (2018) Heightened risk of ischemic stroke after recent herpes zoster ophthalmicus. J Med Virol 90(8):1283\u20131284","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"748_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25202","volume":"90","author":"H Hosamirudsari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hosamirudsari H, Rashed P, Afsari F, Akbarpour S, Bagherzadeh A (2018) Correlation between herpes zoster and stroke\u2014a case-control study. J Med Virol 90(8):1370\u20131374","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"748_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.109.562017","volume":"40","author":"JH Kang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kang JH, Ho JD, Chen YH, Lin HC (2009) Increased risk of stroke after a herpes zoster attack: a population-based follow-up study. Stroke 40(11):3443\u20133448","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"748_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.02915.x","volume":"58","author":"M Kelly-Hayes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kelly-Hayes M (2010) Influence of age and health behaviors on stroke risk: lessons from longitudinal studies. J Am Geriatr Soc 58(Suppl 2):S325\u2013S328","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"748_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan N, Patel D, Trivedi C, Shah Y, Lichtenstein G, Lewis J, Yang YX (2018) Overall and comparative risk of herpes zoster with pharmacotherapy for inflammatory bowel diseases: a Nationwide cohort study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:1919-1927.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.12.052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2017.12.052"},{"issue":"2","key":"748_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.015","volume":"70","author":"MC Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim MC, Yun SC, Lee HB, Lee PH, Lee SW, Choi SH, Kim YS, Woo JH, Kim SH, Kwon SU (2017) Herpes zoster increases the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 70(2):295\u2013296","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"748_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.03.003","volume":"22","author":"SU Kwon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kwon SU, Yun SC, Kim MC, Kim BJ, Lee SH, Lee SO, Choi SH, Kim YS, Woo JH, Kim SH (2016) Risk of stroke and transient ischaemic attack after herpes zoster. Clin Microbiol Infect 22(6):542\u2013548","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"748_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu098","volume":"58","author":"SM Langan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Langan SM, Minassian C, Smeeth L, Thomas SL (2014) Risk of stroke following herpes zoster: a self-controlled case-series study. Clin Infect Dis 58(11):1497\u20131503","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"748_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1086\/379048","volume":"188","author":"MJ Levin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Levin MJ, Smith JG, Kaufhold RM, Barber D, Hayward AR, Chan CY, Chan IS, Li DJ, Wang W, Keller PM, Shaw A, Silber JL, Schlienger K, Chalikonda I, Vessey SJ, Caulfield MJ (2003) Decline in varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific cell-mediated immunity with increasing age and boosting with a high-dose VZV vaccine. J Infect Dis 188(9):1336\u20131344","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"748_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liao CH, Chang CS, Muo CH, Kao CH (2015) High prevalence of herpes zoster in patients with depression. J Clin Psychiatry 76(9):e1099\u2013e1104 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.14m09311","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.14m09311"},{"key":"748_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liao TL, Lin CH, Chen HH, Chen YM, Lin CC, Chen DY (2017) Significant associations of neurological complications of herpes zoster with stroke in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Am Heart Assoc 6(7) 6:pii:e006304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.117.006304","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006304"},{"issue":"10","key":"748_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181d31e5c","volume":"74","author":"HC Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin HC, Chien CW, Ho JD (2010) Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and the risk of stroke: a population-based follow-up study. Neurology 74(10):792\u2013797","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"748_CR20","first-page":"1254","volume":"22","author":"S Manzi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Manzi S, Kuller LH, Kutzer J, Pazin GJ, Sinacore J, Medsger TA Jr, Ramsey-Goldman R (1995) Herpes zoster in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 22(7):1254\u20131258","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"748_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.028","volume":"56","author":"R Marinigh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marinigh R, Lip GY, Fiotti N, Giansante C, Lane DA (2010) Age as a risk factor for stroke in atrial fibrillation patients: implications for thromboprophylaxis. J Am Coll Cardiol 56(11):827\u2013837","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"748_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2278-z","volume":"17","author":"F Marra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marra F, Ruckenstein J, Richardson K (2017) A meta-analysis of stroke risk following herpes zoster infection. BMC Infect Dis 17(1):198","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"748_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0000000000000111","volume":"22","author":"PK Maurya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maurya PK, Kulshreshtha D, Singh AK, Thacker AK (2017 Mar) Stroke associated with varicella zoster vasculopathy: a clinicoradiological profile of 3 patients. Neurologist 22(2):64\u201367","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"issue":"12","key":"748_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001919","volume":"12","author":"C Minassian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Minassian C, Thomas SL, Smeeth L, Douglas I, Brauer R, Langan SM (2015) Acute cardiovascular events after herpes zoster: a self-controlled case series analysis in vaccinated and unvaccinated older residents of the United States. PLoS Med 12(12):e1001919","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"748_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-018-3121-x","volume":"18","author":"C Mu\u00f1oz-Quiles","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Quiles C, L\u00f3pez-Lacort M, D\u00edez-Domingo J (2018) Risk and impact of herpes zoster among COPD patients: a population-based study, 2009\u20132014. BMC Infect Dis 18(1):203","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"748_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-015-0534-4","volume":"15","author":"MA Nagel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nagel MA, Gilden D (2015) The relationship between herpes zoster and stroke. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 15(4):16","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"748_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182267bfa","volume":"77","author":"MA Nagel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nagel MA, Traktinskiy I, Azarkh Y, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B, Hedley-Whyte T, Russman A, VanEgmond EM, Stenmark K, Frid M, Mahalingam R, Wellish M, Choe A, Cordery-Cotter R, Cohrs RJ, Gilden D (2011) Varicella zoster virus vasculopathy: analysis of virus-infected arteries. Neurology 77(4):364\u2013370","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"748_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Papagianni M, Metallidis S, Tziomalos K (2018) Herpes zoster and diabetes mellitus: a review. Diabetes Ther 9(2):545\u2013550 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-018-0394-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-018-0394-4"},{"issue":"2 Suppl","key":"748_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.10.012","volume":"115","author":"D Pavan-Langston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pavan-Langston D, Pavan-Langston D (2008) Herpes zoster antivirals and pain management. Ophthalmology. 115(2 Suppl):S13\u2013S20","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"issue":"11","key":"748_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166554","volume":"11","author":"T Schink","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schink T, Behr S, Th\u00f6ne K, Bricout H, Garbe E (2016 Nov 23) Risk of stroke after herpes zoster\u2014evidence from a German self-controlled case-series study. PLoS One 11(11):e0166554","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"748_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069156","volume":"8","author":"N Sreenivasan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sreenivasan N, Basit S, Wohlfahrt J, Pasternak B, Munch TN, Nielsen LP, Melbye M (2013) The short- and long-term risk of stroke after herpes zoster\u2014a nationwide population-based cohort study. PLoS One 8(7):e69156","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"748_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1170-y","volume":"15","author":"K Sundstr\u00f6m","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sundstr\u00f6m K, Weibull CE, S\u00f6derberg-L\u00f6fdal K, Bergstr\u00f6m T, Spar\u00e9n P, Arnheim-Dahlstr\u00f6m L (2015) Incidence of herpes zoster and associated events including stroke\u2014a population-based cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 15:488","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"748_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.09.015","volume":"91","author":"BP Yawn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yawn BP, Wollan PC, Nagel MA, Gilden D (2016) Risk of stroke and myocardial infarction after herpes zoster in older adults in a US community population. Mayo Clin Proc 91(1):33\u201344","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"5","key":"748_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22470","volume":"67","author":"H Yun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yun H, Xie F, Delzell E, Chen L, Levitan EB, Lewis JD, Saag KG, Beukelman T, Winthrop K, Baddley JW, Curtis JR (2015) Risks of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis according to biologic disease-modifying therapy. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 67(5):731\u2013736","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"12","key":"748_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1007\/s00380-017-1012-5","volume":"32","author":"M Zuin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zuin M, Rigatelli G, Picariello C, Carraro M, Zonzin P, Roncon L (2017) Prognostic role of a new risk index for the prediction of 30-day cardiovascular mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: the Age-Mean Arterial Pressure Index (AMAPI). Heart Vessel 32(12):1478\u20131487","journal-title":"Heart Vessel"}],"container-title":["Journal of NeuroVirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13365-019-00748-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13365-019-00748-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13365-019-00748-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,29]],"date-time":"2022-07-29T12:53:24Z","timestamp":1659099204000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13365-019-00748-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["748"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-019-00748-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-0284","1538-2443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-0284","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-2443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}