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Neurovirol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We assessed changes in functional connectivity by fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) and cognitive measures in otherwise neurologically asymptomatic people with HIV (PWH) switching combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). In a prospective study (baseline and follow-up after at least 4\u00a0months), virologically suppressed PWH switched non-nuclease reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI; tenofovir-DF\/emtricitabine with efavirenz to rilpivirine) and integrase-strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTI; tenofovir-DF\/emtricitabine with raltegravir to dolutegravir). PWH were assessed by resting-state fMRI and stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) task fMRI as well as with a cognitive battery (CogState\u2122) at baseline and follow-up. Switching from efavirenz to rilpivirine (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910) was associated with increased functional connectivity in the dorsal attention network (DAN) and a reduction in SSRTs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.025) that positively correlated with the time previously on efavirenz (mean\u2009=\u20094.8\u00a0years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). Switching from raltegravir to dolutegravir (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912) was associated with increased connectivity in the left DAN and bilateral sensory-motor and associative visual networks. In the NNRTI study, significant improvements in the cognitive domains of executive function, working memory and speed of visual processing were observed, whereas no significant changes in cognitive function were observed in the INSTI study. Changes in fMRI are evident in PWH without perceived neuropsychiatric complaints switching cART. fMRI may be a useful tool in assisting to elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of cART-related neuropsychiatric effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00853-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T14:02:30Z","timestamp":1591279350000},"page":"754-763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Changes in functional connectivity in people with HIV switching antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Toniolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Cercignani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borja","family":"Mora-Peris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Underwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmini","family":"Alagaratnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Bozzali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Boffito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Winston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime H.","family":"Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"853_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-008-0073-3","volume":"8","author":"BM Ances","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ances BM, Clifford DB (2008) HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders and the impact of combination antiretroviral therapies. 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Jonathan Underwood reports travel and honoraria from Gilead Sciences. Jasmini Alagaratnam reports grants to attend conferences from Gilead and MSD. Marco Bozzali reports honoraria and travel support from Lilli, Biogen and Roche. Marta Boffito reports travel and research grants from and has been speaker\/advisor for Janssen, Roche, ViiV, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Gilead, Mylan, Cipla and Teva. Mark Nelson reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from MSD, ViiV Healthcare, Abbvie, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Gilead Sciences. Alan Winston reports honoraria or research grants from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, BMS, Merck and Co. and Janssen. Jaime H Vera reports honoraria and research grants in trials sponsored by Merck, Janssen Cilag, Piramal and Gilead Sciences.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}