{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T15:26:12Z","timestamp":1774020372226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593993600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurovirol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00867-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]],"date-time":"2020-07-06T15:04:54Z","timestamp":1594047894000},"page":"474-481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Extracranial ectasia and embolic infarcts in HIV: two case reports and a clinical decision-making algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Rakhee","family":"Lalla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9263-8930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John W.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"867_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benjamin, L. A., Allain, T. J., Mzinganjira, H., Connor, M. D., Smith, C., Lucas, S., \u2026 Solomon, T. (2017a). The role of human immunodeficiency virus\u2013associated vasculopathy in the etiology of stroke The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 216(5), 545\u2013553. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jix340","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix340"},{"issue":"5","key":"867_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix340","volume":"216","author":"LA Benjamin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benjamin LA, Allain TJ, Mzinganjira H, Connor MD, Smith C, Lucas S, Solomon T (2017b) The role of human immunodeficiency virus\u2013associated vasculopathy in the etiology of stroke. J Infect Dis 216(5):545\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jix340","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"867_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brutto VJD, Ortiz JG, Biller J (2017) Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia. Front Neurol 8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2017.00344","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00344"},{"issue":"13","key":"867_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000004419","volume":"89","author":"A Can","year":"2017","unstructured":"Can A, Castro VM, Ozdemir YH, Dagen S, Yu S, Dligach D, Du R (2017) Association of intracranial aneurysm rupture with smoking duration, intensity, and cessation. Neurology 89(13):1408\u20131415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000004419","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"867_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, Derdeyn CP, Turan TN, Fiorella D, Lane BF, Cloft HJ. Stenting versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial arterial stenosis. (2012). New England Journal of Medicine, 367(1), 93\u201393. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmx120039","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmx120039"},{"issue":"5","key":"867_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2015-011671","volume":"8","author":"FA Choudhry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Choudhry FA, Grantham JT, Rai AT, Hogg JP (2015) Vascular geometry of the extracranial carotid arteries: an analysis of length, diameter, and tortuosity. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery 8(5):536\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/neurintsurg-2015-011671","journal-title":"Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"867_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/qai.0b013e31825c7f24","volume":"60","author":"FC Chow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chow FC, Regan S, Feske S, Meigs JB, Grinspoon SK, Triant VA (2012) Comparison of ischemic stroke incidence in HIV-infected and non\u2013HIV-infected patients in a US health care system. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 60(4):351\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/qai.0b013e31825c7f24","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"867_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cole JW, Chin JH. HIV infection: a new risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage? (2014). Neurology. 83(19):1690\u20131691. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000967","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000967"},{"key":"867_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cole JW, Pinto AN, Hebel JR, Buchholz DW, Earley CJ, Johnson CJ, Macko RF, Price TR, Sloan MA, Stern BJ, Wityk RJ, Wozniak MA, Kittner SJ. (2004). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the risk of stroke Stroke 35:51\u201356 doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000105393.57853.11","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000105393.57853.11"},{"key":"867_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feinstein MJ, Hsue PY, Benjamin LA, Bloomfield GS, Currier JS, Freiberg MS. Post WS. (2019). Characteristics, prevention, and management of cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV. Circulation, 140:e98\u2013e124. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000695","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000695"},{"issue":"4","key":"867_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.111.643387","volume":"43","author":"J Gutierrez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gutierrez J, Glenn M, Isaacson RS, Marr AD, Mash D, Petito C (2012) Thinning of the arterial media layer as a possible preclinical stage in HIV vasculopathy. Stroke 43(4):1156\u20131158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.111.643387","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"13","key":"867_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000001976","volume":"85","author":"J Gutierrez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gutierrez J, Goldman J, Dwork AJ, Elkind MS, Marshall RS, Morgello S (2015) Brain arterial remodeling contribution to nonembolic brain infarcts in patients with HIV. Neurology 85(13):1139\u20131145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000001976","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"867_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hsue PY, Lo JC, Franklin A, Bolger AF, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Waters DD. (2004). Progression of atherosclerosis as assessed by carotid intima-media thickness in patients with HIV infection. Circulation, 109(13), 1603\u20131608. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.0000124480.32233.8a","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000124480.32233.8a"},{"key":"867_CR14","unstructured":"Mascolini M. Five times higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage with HIV. XVIII International AIDS Conference, July 18-23, 2010, Vienna. http:\/\/www.natap.org\/2010\/IAS\/IAS_51.htm, Accessed May 2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"867_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12075","volume":"20","author":"JM Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park JM, Koo JS, Kim BK, Kwon O, Lee JJ, Kang K, Bae HJ (2013) Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia as a risk factor for cerebral microbleeds. Eur J Neurol 20(5):824\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.12075","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"867_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000103168.14885.a8","volume":"61","author":"F Pico","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pico F, Labreuche J, Touboul PJ, Amarenco P (2003) Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia and its relation with atherosclerosis and stroke subtype. Neurology 61(12):1736\u20131742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000103168.14885.a8","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"867_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20423","volume":"57","author":"F Pico","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pico F, Labreuche J, Touboul PJ, Leys D, Amarenco P (2005) Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia and small-vessel disease in stroke patients. Ann Neurol 57(4):472\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.20423","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"867_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.2192214","volume":"67","author":"F Pico","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pico F, Jacob MP, Labreuche J, Soufir N, Touboul PJ, Benessiano J, Amarenco P (2009) Matrix metalloproteinase-3 and intracranial arterial dolichoectasia. Ann Neurol 67(4):508\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.2192214","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"867_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/s1474-4422(15)00089-7","volume":"14","author":"F Pico","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pico F, Labreuche J, Amarenco P (2015) Pathophysiology, presentation, prognosis, and management of intracranial arterial dolichoectasia. The Lancet Neurology 14(8):833\u2013845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1474-4422(15)00089-7","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"867_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000158","volume":"49","author":"WJ Powers","year":"2018","unstructured":"Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, Adeoye OM, Bambakidis NC, Becker K, Biller J, Brown M, Demaerschalk BM, Hoh B, Jauch EC, Kidwell CS, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Ovbiagele B, Scott PA, Sheth KN, Southerland AM, Summers DV, Tirschwell DL, for the American Heart Association Stroke Council (2018) Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 49(3):e46\u2013e110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/STR.0000000000000158","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"11","key":"867_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.63.11.1640","volume":"63","author":"B Tipping","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tipping B, Villiers LD, Candy S, Wainwright H (2006) Stroke caused by human immunodeficiency virus\u2013associated intracranial large-vessel aneurysmal vasculopathy. Arch Neurol 63(11):1640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneur.63.11.1640","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"867_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1161\/strokeaha.117.020130","volume":"49","author":"FF Zhai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhai FF, Yan S, Li ML, Han F, Wang Q, Zhou LX, Zhu YC (2018) Intracranial arterial dolichoectasia and stenosis. Stroke 49(5):1135\u20131140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/strokeaha.117.020130","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Journal of NeuroVirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13365-020-00867-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13365-020-00867-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13365-020-00867-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T23:40:08Z","timestamp":1625528408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13365-020-00867-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["867"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-020-00867-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-0284","1538-2443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-0284","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-2443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}