{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:16:28Z","timestamp":1792804588723,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Neurovirol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-022-01062-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T14:04:35Z","timestamp":1646316275000},"page":"17-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["A human-derived 3D brain organoid model to study JC virus infection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Paula","family":"Barreras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Pamies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Monaco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura S.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiali","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene O.","family":"Major","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena T.","family":"Hogberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hartung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4128-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos A.","family":"Pardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1062_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2766","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02766","volume":"9","author":"CM Abreu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abreu CM, Gama L, Krasemann S, Chesnut M, Odwin-Dacosta S, Hogberg HT, Hartung T, Pamies D (2018) Microglia increase inflammatory responses in iPSC-derived human BrainSpheres. Front Microbiol 9:2766. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02766","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1062_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adang L, Berger J (2015) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. F1000Research, 4(F1000 Faculty Rev-1424.) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.7071.1","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.7071.1"},{"key":"1062_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barth H, Solis M, Kack-Kack W, Soulier E, Velay A, Fafi-Kremer S (2016) In vitro and in vivo models for the study of human polyomavirus infection. Viruses 8(10).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v8100292","DOI":"10.3390\/v8100292"},{"issue":"5","key":"1062_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01614-08","volume":"53","author":"M Brickelmaier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brickelmaier M, Lugovskoy A, Kartikeyan R, Reviriego-Mendoza MM, Allaire N, Simon K, Frisque RJ, Gorelik L (2009) Identification and characterization of mefloquine efficacy against JC virus in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53(5):1840\u20131849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01614-08","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1062_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bullen CK, Hogberg HT, Bahadirli-Talbott A, Bishai WR, Hartung T, Keuthan C, Looney MM, Pekosz A, Romero JC, Sill\u00e9 FCM, Um P, Smirnova L (2020) Infectability of human BrainSphere neurons suggests neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2. Altex 37(4):665\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14573\/altex.2006111","DOI":"10.14573\/altex.2006111"},{"key":"1062_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chesnut M, Paschoud H, Repond C, Smirnova L, Hartung T, Zurich M, Hogberg HT, Pamies D (2021) Human IPSC-derived model to study myelin disruption. Int J Mole Scie 22(17).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22179473","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179473"},{"issue":"1","key":"1062_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00427-y","volume":"17","author":"I Cortese","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cortese I, Reich DS, Nath A (2021) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the spectrum of JC virus-related disease. Nat Rev Neurol 17(1):37\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-020-00427-y","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1062_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9499-8","volume":"8","author":"MW Ferenczy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferenczy MW, Johnson KR, Steinberg SM, Marshall LJ, Monaco MC, Beschloss AM, Jensen PN, Major EO (2013) Clonal immortalized human glial cell lines support varying levels of JC virus infection due to differences in cellular gene expression. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology: the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology 8(5):1303\u20131319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-013-9499-8","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology: the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1062_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.32.2.476-482.1979","volume":"32","author":"RJ Frisque","year":"1979","unstructured":"Frisque RJ, Martin JD, Padgett BL, Walker DL (1979) Infectivity of the DNA from four isolates of JC virus. J Virol 32(2):476\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.32.2.476-482.1979","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1062_CR10","first-page":"1431","volume":"140","author":"CJ Horvath","year":"1992","unstructured":"Horvath CJ, Simon MA, Bergsagel DJ, Pauley DR, King NW, Garcea RL, Ringler DJ (1992) Simian virus 40-induced disease in rhesus monkeys with simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Pathol 140(6):1431\u20131440","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1062_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.08.007","volume":"183","author":"S Kaliyaperumal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaliyaperumal S, Dang X, Wuethrich C, Knight HL, Pearson C, MacKey J, Mansfield KG, Koralnik IJ, Westmoreland SV (2013) Frequent infection of neurons by SV40 virus in SIV-infected macaque monkeys with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and meningoencephalitis. Am J Pathol 183(6):1910\u20131917. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2013.08.007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1062_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kang I, Smirnova L, Kuhn JH, Hogberg HT, Kleinstreuer NC, Hartung T (2021) COVID-19 - prime time for microphysiological systems, as illustrated for the brain. Altex 38(4):535\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14573\/altex.2110131","DOI":"10.14573\/altex.2110131"},{"issue":"12","key":"1062_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5323","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI76629","volume":"124","author":"Y Kondo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kondo Y, Windrem MS, Zou L, Chandler-Militello D, Schanz SJ, Auvergne RM, Betstadt SJ, Harrington AR, Johnson M, Kazarov A, Gorelik L, Goldman SA (2014) Human glial chimeric mice reveal astrocytic dependence of JC virus infection. J Clin Investig 124(12):5323\u20135336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI76629","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"4","key":"1062_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.4.1257","volume":"82","author":"EO Major","year":"1985","unstructured":"Major EO, Miller AE, Mourrain P, Traub RG, de Widt E, Sever J (1985) Establishment of a line of human fetal glial cells that supports JC virus multiplication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82(4):1257\u20131261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.82.4.1257","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"7712","key":"1062_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(71)91777-6","volume":"1","author":"BL Padgett","year":"1971","unstructured":"Padgett BL, Walker DL, ZuRhein GM, Eckroade RJ, Dessel BH (1971) Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Lancet (london, England) 1(7712):1257\u20131260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(71)91777-6","journal-title":"Lancet (london, England)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1062_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/133.6.686","volume":"133","author":"BL Padgett","year":"1976","unstructured":"Padgett BL, Walker DL, ZuRhein GM, Hodach AE, Chou SM (1976) JC Papovavirus in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Infect Dis 133(6):686\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/133.6.686","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1062_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pamies D, Barreras P, Block K, Makri G, Kumar A, Wiersma D, Smirnova L, Zang C, Bressler J, Christian KM, Harris G, Ming G, Berlinicke CJ, Kyro K, Song H, Pardo CA, Hartung T, Hogberg HT (2017) A human brain microphysiological system derived from induced pluripotent stem cells to study neurological diseases and toxicity. Altex 34(3):362\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14573\/altex.1609122","DOI":"10.14573\/altex.1609122"},{"issue":"1","key":"1062_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.6b00269","volume":"30","author":"D Pamies","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pamies D, Hartung T (2017) 21st century cell culture for 21st century toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 30(1):43\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.6b00269","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"key":"1062_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peterson JN, Lin B, Shin J, Phelan PJ, Tsichlis P, Schwob JE, Bullock PA (2017) Replication of JC virus DNA in the G144 oligodendrocyte cell line is dependent upon Akt. J Virol 91(20).\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.00735-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00735-17"},{"issue":"21","key":"1062_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10506","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01355-06","volume":"80","author":"V Ravichandran","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ravichandran V, Sabath BF, Jensen PN, Houff SA, Major EO (2006) Interactions between c-Jun, nuclear factor 1, and JC virus promoter sequences: implications for viral tropism. J Virol 80(21):10506\u201310513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.01355-06","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1062_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.03.009","volume":"57","author":"CF Ryschkewitsch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ryschkewitsch CF, Jensen PN, Major EO (2013) Multiplex qPCR assay for ultra sensitive detection of JCV DNA with simultaneous identification of genotypes that discriminates non-virulent from virulent variants. Journal of Clinical Virology: the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 57(3):243\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcv.2013.03.009","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Virology: the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1062_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.06.021","volume":"121","author":"C Ryschkewitsch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ryschkewitsch C, Jensen P, Hou J, Fahle G, Fischer S, Major EO (2004) Comparison of PCR-southern hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of JC and BK viral nucleotide sequences in urine and cerebrospinal fluid. J Virol Methods 121(2):217\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.06.021","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"1062_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-016-0543-8","volume":"18","author":"D Saylor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saylor D, Venkatesan A (2016) Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-uninfected individuals. Curr Infect Dis Rep 18(11):33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11908-016-0543-8","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"1062_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","volume":"9","author":"CA Schneider","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW (2012) NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat Methods 9(7):671\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2089","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"1062_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1982.tb00254.x","volume":"26","author":"F Taguchi","year":"1982","unstructured":"Taguchi F, Kajioka J, Miyamura T (1982) Prevalence rate and age of acquisition of antibodies against JC virus and BK virus in human sera. Microbiol Immunol 26(11):1057\u20131064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1982.tb00254.x","journal-title":"Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"7527","key":"1062_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13716","volume":"515","author":"Z Wen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wen Z, Nguyen HN, Guo Z, Lalli MA, Wang X, Su Y, Kim N, Yoon K, Shin J, Zhang C, Makri G, Nauen D, Yu H, Guzman E, Chiang C, Yoritomo N, Kaibuchi K, Zou J, Christian KM, Ming G (2014) Synaptic dysregulation in a human iPS cell model of mental disorders. Nature 515(7527):414\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature13716","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1062_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-33189-8_3","volume-title":"Neurotropic Viral Infections","author":"MK White","year":"2016","unstructured":"White MK, Safak M (2016) Molecular biology of JC virus and the human demyelinating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. In: Reiss C (ed) Neurotropic Viral Infections. Springer, pp 75\u2013110"}],"container-title":["Journal of NeuroVirology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13365-022-01062-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13365-022-01062-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s13365-022-01062-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T11:41:40Z","timestamp":1744198900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s13365-022-01062-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-022-01062-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1355-0284","1538-2443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1355-0284","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-2443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"TH, HH, and DP are named inventors on a patent by Johns Hopkins University on the production of mini-brains (also called BrainSpheres), which is licensed to AxoSim, New Orleans, LA, USA. They consult AxoSim and TH and HTH are shareholders.\u00a0The rest of the authors have no disclosures.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}