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However, increasing evidence implicates<jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>in the development of all major cancer types.<jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>is a large gene with 79 exons that codes for the essential muscle protein dystrophin. Alternative promotor usage drives the production of several additional dystrophin protein products with roles that extend beyond skeletal muscle. The importance and function(s) of these gene products outside of muscle are not well understood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We highlight a clear role for<jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>in the pathogenesis of several cancers, including sarcomas, leukaemia\u2019s, lymphomas, nervous system tumours, melanomas and various carcinomas. We note that the normal balance of<jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>gene products is often disrupted in cancer. The short dystrophin protein Dp71 is, for example, typically maintained in cancer whilst the full-length Dp427 gene product, a likely tumour suppressor, is frequently inactivated in cancer due to a recurrent loss of 5\u2019 exons. Therefore, the ratio of short and long gene products may be important in tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarise the tumours in which<jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>is implicated and provide a hypothesis for possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis, although the question of cause or effect may remain. We hope to stimulate further study into the potential role of<jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>gene products in cancer and the development of novel therapeutics that target<jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-020-00572-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,14]],"date-time":"2020-11-14T06:02:28Z","timestamp":1605333748000},"page":"19-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["The Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene and cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Leanne","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee R.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3638-2405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"572_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00585-4","volume":"2","author":"F Muntoni","year":"2003","unstructured":"F. 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